13296( 5) - 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13296 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 STScI Edit Number: 3 Title The nuclear outflow in PDS 456 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Paul T. O'Brien University of Leicester Y CoI: Dr. Michael R. Goad University of Leicester N CoI: Dr. James Reeves University of Maryland Baltimore County N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract PDS 456 is the most luminous object in the local universe and has one of the most extreme X-ray and UV spectra of any active galactic nucleus. The X-ray data reveal a massive, ionised outflow, which carries as much kinetic energy as the bolometric output of this quasar. Such outflows are thought to be disk driven, should be common when AGN are feeding/merging and may explain the M - sigma relation through a feedback mechanism. Situated at low redshift (z=0.184), PDS 456 provides an excellent opportunity to study such an outflow in detail. A short HST/STIS observation taken in 2000 also revealed an extraordinary UV spectrum, including the most blueshifted CIV emission line know (at -5000 km s-1) and a broad, blueshifted absorption feature probably due either to Ly-alpha or NV 1240 angstroms. More recently, PDS 456 has been shown to have a highly variable X-ray spectrum, and during 2013/14 we will monitor the outflow in this quasar using large programs allocated on Suzaku and XMM-Newton. Here we request a HST/COS observation towards the end of the X-ray monitoring campaign to provide contemporaneous UV data in order to constrain the physical properties of the outflow. In particular, we wish to search for associated UV/X-ray absorption features and relate the UV emission and absorption characteristics of PDS 456. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We propose a HST/COS observation of PDS~456 using the G140L grating which give a suitable velocity resolution over the required wavelength range from blueward of Ly$\alpha$ to redward of HeII $\lambda 1640$. We adopt the previous HST/STIS spectrum as a guide to the target flux, and assume no major UV continuum variability. Comparing the HST/STIS observed flux with the XMM-Newton OM UV magnitudes provides fluxes consistent to well within a factor of two. Simulations show that we can measure the required spectral features with sufficient accuracy to achieve the science goals of our proposal by attaining a signal-to-noise ratio of 20-30 per HST/COS spectral resolution element. We require this S/N particularly at the location of the broad absorption feature (observed wavelength $\approx 1350$\AA) and the NV and CIV emission lines (observed wavelengths $\approx 1450$ \AA\ and 1800\AA). We have used the on-line HST exposure-time calculators to determine 13296( 5) - 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 - [ 2] and compare the required exposure times. From these we have concluded that HST/COS is more efficient than HST/STIS and hence is our chosen instrument. To cover the spectral range required, we request observations using the G140L grating for 95 minutes. The previous HST/STIS observation shows that the host-galaxy of PDS~456 does not contaminate the UV spectrum significantly. Given the declination of PDS~456, we have 54 minutes per orbit of visibility. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13296( 5) - 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PDS456 GALAXY, QSO, QUASAR, RA=17H28M19.8000S +/- 0.06", J2000 Z = V = 14.03 The observed continuum flux ULTRALUMINOUS IR GAL DEC=-14D15'55.90" +/- 0.06" 0.184 at 1350 angstroms is aproximately 4e-15 erg cm^-2 s^-1 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13296( 5) - 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 01-FEB-2014:00:00:00 AND 31-MAR-2014:00:00:00; BETWEEN 01-SEP-2013:00:00:00 AND 30-OCT-2013:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PDS456 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 1 10 S (10 KXD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PDS456 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 NUM-POS=5, STEP-SIZE=0.9, 1 15 S (15 KD CENTER=FLUX-WT-FLR S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=900, FP-POS=1 1 1000 S G (1000 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1338, FP-POS=2 1 1338 S G (1338 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FP-POS=3, BUFFER-TIME=1250 1 1350 S G (1350 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FP-POS=4, BUFFER-TIME=1498 1 1498 S G (1498 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PDS456 1 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A KXD PDS456 2 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A KD PDS456 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G PDS456 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G PDS456 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G PDS456 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 13296( 5) - 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 - [ 5] Visit: 51 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This is a HOPR repeat of visit 01 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PDS456 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 1 10 S (10 KXD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PDS456 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 NUM-POS=5, STEP-SIZE=0.9, 1 15 S (15 KD CENTER=FLUX-WT-FLR S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=900, FP-POS=1 1 1000 S G (1000 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1338, FP-POS=2 1 1338 S G (1338 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FP-POS=3, BUFFER-TIME=1250 1 1350 S G (1350 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 PDS456 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FP-POS=4, BUFFER-TIME=1498 1 1498 S G (1498 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PDS456 1 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A KXD PDS456 2 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A KD PDS456 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G PDS456 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G PDS456 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G PDS456 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 13296( 5) - 01-Apr-2014 16:21:41 - [ 6] Summary Form for Proposal 13296 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/PEAKD, ACQ/PEAKXD, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1250, BUFFER-TIME=1338, BUFFER-TIME=1498, BUFFER-TIME=900, CENTER=FLUX-WT-FLR, FP-POS=1, FP-POS=2, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4, NUM-POS=5, STEP-SIZE=0.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 01-FEB-2014:00:00:00 AND 31-MAR-2014:00:00:00, BETWEEN 01-SEP-2013:00:00:00 AND 30-OCT-2013:00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names PDS456 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------