13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13350 Version: 8 Check-in Time: 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 STScI Edit Number: 2 Title How Low Can They Go? Detecting low luminosity supernova progenitors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Andrew S. Fruchter Space Telescope Science Institute Y CoI: Dr. John J. Eldridge The University of Auckland N CoI: Dr. Rebekah Hounsell Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Andrew J. Levan The University of Warwick N CoI: Dr. Schuyler D. Van Dyk California Institute of Technology N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract While we now discover thousands of supernovae (SNe) per year, in the history of astronomy a little more than a dozen SN progenitors have been identified, and all of these have been from Type II SNe. This dearth is largely due to the fact that the progenitors are destroyed in the SN, and so to study them one must have fortuitously taken data on them prior to their explosion. However, the fault may also partially lie with the methods employed to search for progenitors. In the past, searches have generally relied on looking at the location of a SNe in an archival image to see if a noticeable point source is at the right location. This method requires that the background field of the galaxy be relatively uniform, and if one wants an accurate estimate of the progenitor mangitude, that the star was not in an association or binary. Here we propose to take WFC3 images several years post explosion so that we can subtract them from archival WFPC2 images. We show that we can do this with extraordinary fidelity. We will apply this method to a well-chosen sample of three Type II SNe and two Type Ibc SNe, which lie on messy galaxy fields that may have camouflaged the presence of a progenitor. This method has the potential to detect or substantially deepen the limits on the progenitors of these objects, which already appear too faint for theoretical models. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ In this program, we ask for time to image a number of hosts of nearby SNe using WFC3, which were also observed by HST with WFPC2 prior to the explosion. In all cases we know the location of the SNe on the host to better than an arc second from ground-based imaging, and in a few cases we have post-explosion HST observations which show the light of the Sne on the host, giving us a sub-pixel position. In these cases, the light of the SNe prevents us from seeing the environment of the SN post explosion. However, we will be returning to SNe four or more years after explosion, when the light of the SN will have faded magnitudes below the expected luminosity of the original progenitor star. We will attempt to locate and determine the actual luminosity of the SN progenitors by subtracting the images we will acquire now from the images taken prior to the explosion. Although we will be using a different instrument from that used to take the initial image, we have found that we can nonetheless 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 2] perform a very high fidelity image subtraction. The excellent image subtraction is made possible by a number of propitious factors. First the WFC3 was placed in the same location on the focal plane of HST as WFPC2, so the two instruments share the same optics along most of their light path. In addition they share very similar filter sets, minimizing color terms. Thus the primary diferences in their point-spread functions (PSFs) arise through diferences in the detectors. A dithered WFC3 image however, has essentially all of the information contained in a WFPC2 image and more, and its PSF can in principle be convolved to closely match that of the WFPC2. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN1999GI EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=10H18M16.2000S, J2000 V = 25 +/- 1 TYPE II DEC=+41D26'28.60" Reference Frame: Other: NED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN1999AN EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=12H01M10.5700S, J2000 V = 25 +/- 1 TYPE II DEC=+14D06'12.30" Reference Frame: Other: NED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2000EW EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=11H40M58.5200S, J2000 V = 25 +/- 1 DEC=+11D27'55.90" Reference Frame: Other: NED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2004GN EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=12H34M12.1000S, J2000 V = 25 +/- 1 DEC=+02D39'34.40" Reference Frame: Other: NED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2006BC EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=07H21M16.5000S, J2000 V = 25 +/- 1 TYPE II DEC=-68D59'57.30" Reference Frame: Other: NED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: SCHED 60%; ORIENT 295D TO 300 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN1999GI WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F300X FLASH=11 1 235 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 1C-SUB see below PATTERN 1 1 (964 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN1999GI WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F606W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-SUB see below (964 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN1999GI WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W FLASH=3 1 175 S POS TARG -60, -22 S see below (181 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN1999GI 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F300X 1 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F300X 2 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F300X 3 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F300X 4 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 1 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 2 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 3 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 4 none none none 1 241.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999GI 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W none none none none 1 181.0 S S 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: SCHED 60%; ORIENT 150D TO 160 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN1999AN WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F606W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-SUB see below (952 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN1999AN WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-SUB see below (952 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN1999AN WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W FLASH=5 1 175 S POS TARG -60, -22 S see below (178 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN1999AN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 1 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 2 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 3 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 4 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 1 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 2 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 3 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 4 none none none 1 238.0 S S K1C-SUB SN1999AN 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W none none none none 1 178.0 S S 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: SCHED 60%; ORIENT 260D TO 280 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2000EW WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-SUB see below (956 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2000EW WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F606W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-SUB see below (956 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2000EW WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 175 S POS TARG -60, -22 S see below (179 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2000EW 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 1 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 2 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 3 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 4 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 1 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 2 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 3 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 4 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2000EW 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W none none none none 1 179.0 S S 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: SCHED 60%; ORIENT 250D TO 295 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2004GN WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F606W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-SUB see below (956 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2004GN WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W 1 235 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-SUB see below (956 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2004GN WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 175 S POS TARG -60, -22 S see below (179 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2004GN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 1 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 2 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 3 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 4 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 1 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 2 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 3 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 4 none none none 1 239.0 S S K1C-SUB SN2004GN 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W none none none none 1 179.0 S S 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; ORIENT 325D TO 355 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2006BC WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=5 1 235 S (940 PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-SUB S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2006BC WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F814W 1 235 S (940 PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-SUB S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2006BC WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W FLASH=8 1 175 S (175 POS TARG -60, -22 S S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2006BC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-SUB SN2006BC 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W none none none none 1 N/A S 13350( 8) - 16-Oct-2013 18:51:42 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 13350 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS2, UVIS2-C1K1C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=11, FLASH=3, FLASH=5, FLASH=8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3, ORIENT 150D TO 160 D, ORIENT 250D TO 295 D, ORIENT 260D TO 280 D, ORIENT 295D TO 300 D, ORIENT 325D TO 355 D, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, POS TARG -60, -22, SCHED 60%, SCHED 90% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F300X, F475W, F606W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN1999AN, SN1999GI, SN2000EW, SN2004GN, SN2006BC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------