13416( 3) - 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13416 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title The most massive black hole in a compact galaxy UGC2698 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Remco van den Bosch Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Y Heidelberg CoI: Dr. Jonelle L. Walsh University of Texas at Austin N CoI: Mr. Akin Yildirim Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, N Heidelberg CoI: Dr. Glenn van de Ven Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, N Heidelberg CoI: Dr. Kayhan Gultekin University of Michigan N CoI: Prof. Karl Gebhardt University of Texas at Austin N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Massive galaxies represent the extreme of galaxy formation and contain the most massive black holes (BH), as reflected in the scaling relations of BH masses with galaxy velocity dispersions (M-sigma) and luminosities (M-L). Our spectroscopic survey of 900 nearby galaxies has already yielded one of the most massive black holes in a remarkably compact galaxy NGC1277. Now we propose to obtain imaging of a nearby galaxy which may host the most massive black hole found to date. This galaxy, UGC2698, lies nearby at a distance of 89 Mpc and has an average size and luminosity, and a extremely high central velocity dispersion of 440 km/s, indicative of black hole mass in excess 10 billion solar masses. With one orbit, we can resolve its small bulge and put accurate constraints on its black hole mass (in combination with our spectroscopy). If this system also contains a very high black hole mass, it would be in stark conflict with the popular co-evolution picture. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Imaging of UGC2698 a nearby (~90 Mpc) early-type galaxy. We expect this systems to be extremely cuspy and have high central surface brightnesses (V~13.7 Mag/arcsec^2), half-light radii of a 3-6 arcseconds and a total diameter of ~60 arcseconds, based on archival HST observations of two proptotypical galaxies (NGC1277 and NGC4486B) and our cycle 20 program 13050. The exposures are driven by the following: 1 Obtain a high resolution image of the galaxy (nucleus). This allows us to make a stellar luminosity (mass) model of the whole galaxy, which is needed as input for the dynamical model. 2 Obtain an image in a second band to constrain the color (gradient), which allows us to look for nucleur dust & clusters and stellar population gradients. 3 Given the large extent, we need full frame read outs to determine the 13416( 3) - 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 - [ 2] background levels, especially in the IR. 4 Obtain a surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distance. CHOICE OF FILTERS: Given that these targets are further away than the Virgo cluster, we chose F160W in the proposal as the SB fluctuations are strongest in this band (Blakeslee et al.). To augment the F160W band we chose F814W as there are SBF calibrations available in the F814W-F160W color and F814W is a very efficient filter. EXPOSURE TIMES: To probe the outer part of the galaxies (~24.7 Vmag/arcsec^2) we need at least 700+ seconds with F814W. To determine SBF distances for distances over 80 Mpc, exposure times over 1500 seconds in F160W are needed (Blakeslee priv. comm.). Saturation in the F160W is a concern. If these galaxies have bright central cusps (Like N1277 and N4486B), we expect the IR detector to saturate in ~3 seconds. OBSERVING PLAN: 3 dithers (STEP50, NSAMP=14) with F160W to cover the whole galaxy and estimate the background. To avoid saturation in the subsequent exposures, we use the WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-UVIS pattern. 4 RAPID NSAMP=15 SUB128 dithers with the WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN pattern to obtain a high resolution, to be able to determine the color-profile of the nucleus. 3 dithers (165+300+350sec, pattern B3) in F814W to obtain (nearly) diffraction limited of the galaxy. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13416( 3) - 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 UGC2698 GALAXY, ELLIPTICAL RA=03H22M2.8800S, J2000 Z = 0.01 V = 13 DEC=+40D51'50.00" Reference Frame: Other: NED Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13416( 3) - 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.572 Line_Spacing 0.365 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 18.528 Angle_Between_Sides 74.653 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 23.02 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.713 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO Pattern_Comments: 2 dithers from IR DITHER BOX UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 2.6234 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 46.8195 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO Pattern_Comments: 2 dithers from pattern B3 for UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13416( 3) - 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 UGC2698 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W NSAMP=14, SAMP-SEQ=STEP50 1 DEF POS TARG -11.071, CUM (898.468 -17.744; PATTERN 2 1 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 UGC2698 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W NSAMP=14, SAMP-SEQ=STEP50 1 DEF POS TARG -11.947, 17.457 CUM (449.234 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 UGC2698 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB128 F160W NSAMP=15, SAMP-SEQ=RAPID 1 DEF (6.762 PATTERN 1 3 CUM S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 UGC2698 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W FLASH=7 1 350 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 3 S see below 4 (805 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UGC2698 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W none none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB128 F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB128 F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB128 F160W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB128 F160W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM UGC2698 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 1 none none none 1 290.0 S S UGC2698 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S UGC2698 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 3 none none none 1 165.0 S S 13416( 3) - 05-Aug-2013 14:56:43 - [ 6] Summary Form for Proposal 13416 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures IR, IRSUB128, UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/IR, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=7, NSAMP=14, NSAMP=15, SAMP-SEQ=RAPID, SAMP-SEQ=STEP50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PATTERN 1 3, PATTERN 2 1, PATTERN 3 4, POS TARG -11.071, -17.744, POS TARG -11.947, 17.457, POS TARG 0, 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F160W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names UGC2698 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------