13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13451 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title A Study of PG Quasar-Driven Outflows with COS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Frederick Hamann University of Florida Y CoI: Prof. Todd Tripp University of Massachusetts - Amherst N CoI: Prof. David Rupke Rhodes College N CoI: Dr. Stacy Teng NASA Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Kathryn Grasha University of Massachusetts - Amherst N CoI: Hanna Herbst University of Florida N CoI: Prof. Sylvain Veilleux University of Maryland N CoI: Dr. Margaret Trippe University of Maryland N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Quasar outflows are an important part of the quasar phenomenon, but many questions remain about their energetics, physical properties and the role they might play in providing feedback to host galaxy evolution. We searched our own COS far-UV observations from the QUEST survey and other large COS programs to find a sample of 6 bright PG quasars with broad (FWHM > 400 km/s) high velocity (v > 1000 km/s) absorption lines that clearly form in quasar-driven winds. These quasars can fill an important gap in our understanding between local Seyferts with low-speed winds and high-redshift quasars with extreme BAL outflows. They are also well-studied at other wavelengths, with some evidence for the quasars driving galaxy-scale blowouts and shutting down star formation. But almost nothing is known about the quasar outflows themselves. We propose a detailed study of these 6 outflow quasars using new COS FUV observations to 1) expand the existing wavelength coverage across critical lines that are diagnostic of the outflow physical conditions, kinetic energies, and metallicities, and 2) check for line variability as an indicator of the outflow structure and locations. This quasar sample includes unusual cases with many low-abundance (PV 1118, 1128 and SIV 1063) and excited-state lines (SIV 1073*, CIII* 1175, CII* 1335) that will provide unprecedented constraints on the outflow properties, plus the first known OVI-only mini-BAL outflow (no lower ions detected) for which we will cover NeVIII 770, 780 to probe the highest ionization gas. The high FUV sensitivity of COS is uniquely able to measure this wide range of outflow lines in low-redshift quasars with no Lya forest contamination. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We propose to observe 5 of the 6 quasars in our sample for 1 orbit each with the COS G140L grating. The exception to this is PG1411+442, described below. This setting will obtain maximum wavelength coverage across all of the lines of interest, including everything from CIV 1549A and below, at a spectral resolution R ~ 1800-3000 (170-100 km/s) and easily resolve the mini-BALs in 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 2] these sources (Table 1). We estimate the signal-to-noise per resolution element in our exposures using the online COS ETC with fluxes from the existing G130M spectra, extrapolated to shorter wavelengths with a simple powerlaw. Figure 4 shows the signal-to-noise predicted for a typical 1-orbit observation, in this case for PG 1351+640 whose UV flux is intermediate in our sample (Table 1). A sufficient minimum SNR > 15 will be achieved across all of the lines of interest. For PG0923+201 and PG1309+355 we will split the orbit to use two G140L settings to fill the detector gap at 1200-1240A (Fig. 4, which includes OVI and Lya in both quasars) while also reaching CIII 977 at roughly 1100-1150A. For the others, we will use only the G140L-1280 setting (as shown in Figure 4) because the gap is not important. PG1411+442 is a special case because it has many useful lines at wavelengths down to ~1000A (SVI 933, 944), including some that are too narrow to measure with G140L (see Fig. 1). We request 2 orbits with G130M-1096 to cover difficult wavelengths 940-1236A, 1 orbit with G130M-1309 to cover 1153-1449A, and 1 orbit with G160M-1589 to cover 1398-1761A. This will be a unique amazing dataset covering all available outflow lines for maximum constraints on the outflow properties. Figure 4 shows ETC results for PG1411+442 with G130M-1096 and a 2- orbit observation totaling ~6000 sec. This exposure time is driven by our signal-to-noise requirements below 1100A. The predicted values of SNR ~ 5 per resolution element at these wavelengths are sufficient considering that the resolution is ~30 km/s and there will be ~10-40 resolution elements across the main outflow lines. (Note that G140L is much less sensitive below 1100A. It yields roughly the same SNR per resolution element as G130M, but with the major disadvantage that the resolution is ~6 times lower. We are much better off with G130M and binning pixels as needed.) For the other grating settings, single orbit exposures will provide SNR > 20 across important wavelengths, with binning as needed. For PG1049-005, in addition to the 1-orbit G140L exposure, we request 2 orbits with COS G130M-1096 to cover the critical wavelengths 940-1236A at high sensitivity. This will measure the NeVIII 770, 780A outflow line to test the hypothesis based on the OVI mini-BAL that this is an exceptionally high ionization outflow. The ETC predicts a slightly lower SNR compared to PG1411+442 but still sufficient for our purposes. We will combine the G130M and G140L spectra with binning as needed to maximize the SNR. We expect the NeVIII line to be deep and wide based on the appearance of OVI, and therefore pixel binning by factors of 4-10 are reasonable to yield a firm detection or a very interesting upper limit. We also note that the existing COS spectrum shows clearly that there are no strong Lya forest systems that could block our view of the NeVIII with Lyman Limit absorption. Altogether, our request is for 4 orbits on PG1411+442, 3 orbits on PG1049-005, and 4 orbits on each of the remaining 4 quasars, totaling just 11 orbits for a important study of quasar outflows that takes advantage of the unique sensitivity of COS and the unique opportunity to study these flows at low redshifts without Lya forest contamination. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG0923+201 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=09H25M54.7200S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 15.89 DEC=+19D54'5.00" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG1309+355 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=13H12M17.7500S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 15.64 DEC=+35D15'21.10" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PG1351+640 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=13H53M15.8352S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 14.28 DEC=+63D45'45.70" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PG1411+442 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=14H13M48.3291S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 14.99 DEC=+44D00'14.09" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 PG2214+139 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=22H17M12.2739S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 14.66 DEC=+14D14'20.93" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 PG1049-005 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=10H51M51.4404S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 15.78 DEC=-00D51'17.73" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG0923+201 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 12 S (12 GE S) Comments: F_lam = 1.3e-14 at 1320 from previous COS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG0923+201 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 SEGMENT=A, BUFFER-TIME=4065, 1 550 S G FP-POS=ALL see below (2180 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG0923+201 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PG0923+201 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 1 1 545.0 S G PG0923+201 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 2 1 545.0 S G PG0923+201 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 3 1 545.0 S G PG0923+201 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 4 1 545.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG1309+355 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 19 S (19 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG1309+355 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 BUFFER-TIME=5558, FP-POS=ALL, 1 550 S G SEGMENT=A see below (2236 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG1309+355 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PG1309+355 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 1 1 559.0 S G PG1309+355 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 2 1 559.0 S G PG1309+355 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 3 1 559.0 S G PG1309+355 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1105 none none none 4 1 559.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG1351+640 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 16 S (16 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG1351+640 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=7060, FP-POS=ALL, 1 550 S G SEGMENT=BOTH see below (2468 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG1351+640 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PG1351+640 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 617.0 S G PG1351+640 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 617.0 S G PG1351+640 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 617.0 S G PG1351+640 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 617.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG1411+442 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 16 S (16 GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG1411+442 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1309 BUFFER-TIME=2611, FP-POS=ALL 1 550 S G see below (2256 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PG1411+442 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 BUFFER-TIME=6205, FP-POS=ALL, 1 1450 S G SEGMENT=BOTH see below (5844 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PG1411+442 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 BUFFER-TIME=6037, FP-POS=ALL, 1 670 S G SEGMENT=BOTH see below (2700 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG1411+442 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PG1411+442 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1309 none none none 1 1 564.0 S G PG1411+442 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1309 none none none 2 1 564.0 S G PG1411+442 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1309 none none none 3 1 564.0 S G PG1411+442 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1309 none none none 4 1 564.0 S G PG1411+442 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 1 2 1461.0 S G PG1411+442 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 2 2 1461.0 S G PG1411+442 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 3 3 1461.0 S G PG1411+442 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 4 3 1461.0 S G PG1411+442 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 1 4 675.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG1411+442 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 2 4 675.0 S G PG1411+442 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 3 4 675.0 S G PG1411+442 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 4 4 675.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG2214+139 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 10 S (10 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG2214+139 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=4125, FP-POS=ALL, 1 500 S G SEGMENT=BOTH see below (2176 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG2214+139 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PG2214+139 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 544.0 S G PG2214+139 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 544.0 S G PG2214+139 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 544.0 S G PG2214+139 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 544.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PG1049-005 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 17 S (17 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PG1049-005 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=4657, FP-POS=ALL, 1 530 S G SEGMENT=BOTH see below (2152 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PG1049-005 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 BUFFER-TIME=6603, FP-POS=ALL, 1 1400 S G SEGMENT=BOTH see below (5654 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PG1049-005 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PG1049-005 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 538.0 S G PG1049-005 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 538.0 S G PG1049-005 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 538.0 S G PG1049-005 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 538.0 S G PG1049-005 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 1 2 1413.0 S G PG1049-005 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 2 2 1413.0 S G PG1049-005 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 3 3 1414.0 S G PG1049-005 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 4 3 1414.0 S G 13451( 3) - 02-Feb-2015 16:40:47 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 13451 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=2611, BUFFER-TIME=4065, BUFFER-TIME=4125, BUFFER-TIME=4657, BUFFER-TIME=5558, BUFFER-TIME=6037, BUFFER-TIME=6205, BUFFER-TIME=6603, BUFFER-TIME=7060, FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A, SEGMENT=BOTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, G140L, G160M, MIRRORB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names PG0923+201, PG1049-005, PG1309+355, PG1351+640, PG1411+442, PG2214+139 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------