13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13452 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Coupling the emission of ionizing radiation and Lyman alpha ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Matthew Hayes Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees Y CoI: Prof. Claudia Scarlata University of Minnesota - Twin Cities N CoI: Prof. Nils Bergvall Uppsala Astronomical Observatory N CoI: Dr. Elisabet Leitet Stockholm University N CoI: Prof. Nino Panagia Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Prof. Goeran Oestlin Stockholm University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The class of objects that reionized intergalactic hydrogen remains an observational and theoretical problem that is in contention for being the most prominent puzzle piece in contemporary astrophysics. The current consensus - determined almost entirely by ruling out bright active galaxies - is that the process was possibly begun and almost certainly finished by faint, lower-mass galaxies forming their early generations of stars. Recent observations of z~3 galaxies may even have identified the analog populations. However understanding how the emitted ionizing power of galaxies is causally related to their (robustly determined) physical properties is not a study that can be performed at high-z: neither the spatial information nor the standard multi-wavelength diagnostics are available. Moreover, on a case-by-case basis, the intervening IGM absorption is impossible to determine. These considerations have spawned a number of detailed studies with UV space telescopes, the synthesis of which however is that a characteristic population of Lyman continuum (LyC) emitting objects has not yet been identified. We show in this proposal that we have identified a characteristic trait in galaxy spectra that is highly indicative of LyC emission, by combining (a) high-z phenomenological studies, (b) new high-resolution UV spectra of local galaxies, and (c) sophisticated models of radiation transport. Believing that we have determined the signature, we propose to test the new hypothesis with deep spectroscopic observations with HST/COS under the Cycle 21 UV initiative. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ This programme will observe FOUR star-forming galaxies with COS in both NUV imaging and FUV spectroscopic modes. 8 orbits are allocated; 2 each per galaxy, and hence there are four visits. Our main science goal is to obtain deep spectra in the G140L setting, which transmits the restframe far ultraviolet and most importantly the redshifted Lyman continuum. 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 2] We have already observed these targets with COS (FUV/G160M setting; GO 12269), and hence benefit from much experience. All the targets are too faint in the UV for target acquisition to be done on-source. We therefore (in 12269) selected only objects with nearby stars that were bright enough in the UV for acquisition in the NUV. We subsequently perform a blind offset. In the list of Fixed Targets, refers to the science target, and -OFFSET refers to the coordinates of the stars. G140L observations use all four different FP-POS settings, TIME-TAG mode, and FLASH to improve wavelength calibration. These galaxies are particularly faint, so the BUFFER TIME turns out consistently to be ~29, 000 sec. We simply set it to something longer than the visit : I.e. 10, 000 sec. For the acquisition stars, the NUV fluxes have been measured in the COS images. These fluxes are then used to as input to the ETC to estimate the countrate. 3 acquisitions are performed with MIRROR A, and one with MIRROR B. After performing the offset, we will take a 100 second NUV image of the target for wavelength zeropoint purposes. The rest of the 2 orbits is used for G140L spectroscopy, and exposure times in the 4 FP-POS settings maximized. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GALEX0330-28 GALAXY, EMISSION LINE RA-OFF=0.0034684499D, J2000 V = 21.110 +/- 0.200 16 NEBULA, STARBURST DEC-OFF=-79.268039999", FROM 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GALEX0330-28 STAR, UNDESIGNATED RA=03H30M56.1603S +/- 0.28", J2000 V = 16.8 +/- 0.200 16-OFFSET DEC=-28D15'27.00" +/- 0.28" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GALEX1420+52 GALAXY, EMISSION LINE RA-OFF=-0.04277486D, J2000 V = 21.1 +/- 0.200 47 NEBULA, STARBURST DEC-OFF=58.47576", FROM 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GALEX1420+52 STAR, UNDESIGNATED RA=14H20M41.9984S +/- 0.28", J2000 V = 14.18 +/- 0.200 47-OFFSET DEC=+52D46'58.30" +/- 0.28" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GALEX0333-28 GALAXY, EMISSION LINE RA-OFF=-0.03256064D, J2000 V = 21.080 +/- 0.200 21 NEBULA, STARBURST DEC-OFF=-24.14", FROM 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GALEX0333-28 STAR, UNDESIGNATED RA=03H33M9.9160S +/- 0.28", J2000 V = 11.7 +/- 0.200 21-OFFSET DEC=-28D21'3.49" +/- 0.28" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 GALEX1000+01 GALAXY, EMISSION LINE RA-OFF=0.01042814D, J2000 V = 20.7 +/- 0.1 57 NEBULA, STARBURST DEC-OFF=-107.978479999", FROM 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 GALEX1000+01 STAR, UNDESIGNATED RA=10H00M25.2509S +/- 0.28", J2000 V = 17.74 +/- 0.1 57-OFFSET DEC=+01D58'52.03" +/- 0.28" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GALEX0330-2 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 60 S (60 816-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GALEX0330-2 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA 1 100 S (100 816 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GALEX0330-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, 1 1091 S 816 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1091 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GALEX0330-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=2, 1 1091 S 816 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1091 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GALEX0330-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=3, 1 1426 S 816 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1426 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GALEX0330-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=4, 1 1426 S 816 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1426 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GALEX0330-2816-OFFS 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A ET GE GALEX0330-2816 2 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GALEX0330-2816 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX0330-2816 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX0330-2816 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G GALEX0330-2816 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GALEX1420+5 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 7 S (7 S) 247-OFFSET GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GALEX1420+5 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA 1 100 S (100 247 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GALEX1420+5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, 1 1224 S 247 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1224 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GALEX1420+5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=2, 1 1224 S 247 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1224 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GALEX1420+5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=3, 1 1514 S 247 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1514 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GALEX1420+5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=4, 1 1514 S 247 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1514 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GALEX1420+5247-OFFS 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A ET GE GALEX1420+5247 2 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GALEX1420+5247 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX1420+5247 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX1420+5247 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G GALEX1420+5247 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GALEX0333-2 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 51 S (51 821-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GALEX0333-2 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA 1 100 S (100 821 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GALEX0333-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, 1 1075 S 821 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1075 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GALEX0333-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=2, 1 1075 S 821 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1075 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GALEX0333-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=3, 1 1426 S 821 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1426 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GALEX0333-2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=4, 1 1426 S 821 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1426 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GALEX0333-2821-OFFS 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A ET GE GALEX0333-2821 2 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GALEX0333-2821 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX0333-2821 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX0333-2821 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G GALEX0333-2821 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GALEX1000+0 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 19 S (19 157-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GALEX1000+0 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA 1 100 S (100 157 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GALEX1000+0 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, 1 1111 S 157 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1111 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GALEX1000+0 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=2, 1 1111 S 157 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1111 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GALEX1000+0 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=3, 1 1414 S 157 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1414 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GALEX1000+0 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 FLASH=YES, FP-POS=4, 1 1414 S 157 G SEGMENT=BOTH, (1414 S) BUFFER-TIME=10000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GALEX1000+0157-OFFS 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A ET GE GALEX1000+0157 2 COS/NUV ACCUM PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GALEX1000+0157 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX1000+0157 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A G GALEX1000+0157 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G GALEX1000+0157 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 13452( 2) - 21-Jun-2013 14:08:14 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 13452 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=10000, FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, FP-POS=2, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4, SEGMENT=BOTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140L, MIRRORA, MIRRORB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names GALEX0330-2816, GALEX0330-2816-OFFSET, GALEX0333-2821, GALEX0333-2821-OFFSET, GALEX1000+0157, GALEX1000+0157-OFFSET, GALEX1420+5247, GALEX1420+5247-OFFSET ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------