13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13484 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Structure, Excitation, and Evolution of Shocks: A Multi- Wavelength Study of Herbig-Haro 1/2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Bo Reipurth University of Hawaii Y CoI: Dr. Alejandro Raga Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico N (UNAM) CoI: Dr. Hsin-Fang Chiang University of Hawaii Y CoI: Prof. John Bally University of Colorado at Boulder N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract More than 1000 Herbig-Haro (HH) objects are known today. Among these, HH 1 and HH 2 are taking a special place because they remain the brightest known HH objects in the sky. As such, they have been studied at all wavelengths, from X-rays to the radio continuum, and with all observing techniques. Adding to this their fine bipolar morphology displaying two major bow shocks and a finely collimated jet, it is no surprise that HH 1 and 2 constitute the reference frame against which data on all other HH objects are compared. We propose to observe HH 1/2 with the following narrowband filters (in order of wavelength) offered by WFC3: [Ne IV] 2425, Mg II 2795+2802, [O II] 3726+28, H-beta 4861, [O III] 5007, [O I] 6300, H-alpha 6563, [S II] 6717, and [S II] 6731. These lines probe different shock velocities and physical parameters, hence the analysis of the resulting images allow us to explore a number of scientific questions related to the physical conditions in the shocks, their structure and their kinematics. We have at our disposal the sophisticated adaptive grid code "yguazu'' in which the gasdynamic equations are integrated together with a many-species ionization network. This allows us to compute both 2D and full 3D models of HH flows from which we can directly obtain predictions of emission maps in all of the above transitions, aiding the interpretation of the line ratio maps. The resulting study will provide a major step forward in our understanding of the shock physics of outflows from young stars. Note: We have received permission to change the three quad filters ([Ne IV] 2425, [S II] 6717, [S II] 6731) and instead add 1 orbit to MgII and 1 orbit to [OII] to improve S/N. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ HH 1/2 are the two brightest HH objects in the sky, which permits us to study them in these transitions at a much more limited number of orbits than other HH flows. However, our previous HST images have documented that the emission knots span a large range in flux in H alpha and [SII], from the brightest knots to faint diffuse emission at the detection limit. As an example, the S/N ratio in our 1 orbit (3x800 sec) H alpha WFPC2 images for the brightest pixel in HH 2 is 10^4, and in HH 1 it is >10^2. WFC3 has a smaller pixel scale, but a higher throughput, so WFC3 would have a signal that is ((0.04''/pix)/(0.10''/pix))^2 x 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 2] (22%/11%) = 0.32 smaller in an equivalent exposure time. This difference is insignificant compared to the large range of flux ratios from knot to knot, so we retain 1 orbit for the H alpha filter. The Halpha/[SII] ratio is ~4.5 for the brightest parts in HH 2, but drops below 1 (with a lowest value of 0.25) over most of the remaining shock regions, while for HH 1 the Halpha/[SII] ratio is ~3.5, and again at or below 1 for the remaining structures of the object. Hence, 1 orbit will provide a similar good S/N ratio as our WFPC2 images. The new, so far unobserved transitions are, based on optical/ultraviolet spectra integrating across much of HH 1/2, from a factor of a few to more than a factor 10 fainter than Halpha, but since they probe very different shock regions, the line ratios change widely across the two objects. Based on the very limited available information, we have decided to also use one orbit for each of these filters, accepting that there may be filters in which only the brighter knots will have sufficient S/N to allow a proper analysis. We are allocated 9 orbits of WFC3 UVIS imaging for this project and we group the observations into 3 visits. In the first visit we use two orbits in F373N ([OII] 3726/3728) filter, and one orbit each in F502N ([OIII] 5007) and F631N ([OI] 6300). The [OII] orbits use a 4-point dithering in two orbits; the [OIII] and [OI] orbits use a 2-point dithering. In the second visit we use one orbit each for filters F656N (H alpha 6563), F487N (H beta 4861), and F673N ([SII] 6717/6731), each with a 2-point dithering. In the third visit the filter F280N (Mg II 2795/2802) and a 4-point dithering is used for two orbits. All observations have the same central pointing. The total extent of the HH 1-2 bipolar flow is 172'', matched to the WFC3 diagonal of 229''. We would like these 3 visits observed as close together as possible, not exceeding a month in interval. This is important due to the significant tangential motion of the objects, so the closer in time the visits can be made, the better. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HH1-2 ISM, HERBIG-HARO OBJECT RA=05H36M23.3900S, J2000 V = 17.38 DEC=-06D46'16.50" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: The target Herbig-Haro Object HH 1-2 contains bright knots and diffuse emission. 17.38 is the V-magnitude of the Cohen-Schwartz Star in the field. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-GAP-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 2.414 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.759 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 3.633 Line_Spacing 2.352 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: SCHED 50%; ORIENT 225D TO 228.8 D; ORIENT 234D TO 251 D; ORIENT 308D TO 342 D; GROUP 01, 03, 04 WITHIN 30D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F373N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 2 1 S ER see below (5484 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F502N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 1 2 S ER see below (2798 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F631N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 1 3 S ER see below (2798 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F373N 1 none none none 1 1343.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F373N 2 none none none 1 1343.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F373N 3 none none none 2 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F373N 4 none none none 2 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F502N 1 none none none 3 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F502N 2 none none none 3 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F631N 1 none none none 4 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F631N 2 none none none 4 1399.0 S S TER 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: SCHED 50%; ORIENT 218D TO 228.8 D; ORIENT 234D TO 253 D; ORIENT 308D TO 342 D; GROUP 03, 01, 04 WITHIN 30D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F656N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 1 1 S ER see below (2686 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F487N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 1 2 S ER see below (2798 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F673N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 1 3 S ER see below (2798 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F656N 1 none none none 1 1343.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F656N 2 none none none 1 1343.0 S S TER HH1-2 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F487N 1 none none none 2 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F487N 2 none none none 2 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F673N 1 none none none 3 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F673N 2 none none none 3 1399.0 S S TER 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: SCHED 50%; ORIENT 225D TO 228.8 D; ORIENT 234D TO 253 D; ORIENT 308D TO 342 D; GROUP 04, 01, 03 WITHIN 30D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HH1-2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F280N FLASH=10 1 1300 S PATTERN 2 1 S ER see below (5484 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F280N 1 none none none 1 1343.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F280N 2 none none none 1 1343.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F280N 3 none none none 2 1399.0 S S TER HH1-2 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F280N 4 none none none 2 1399.0 S S TER 13484( 5) - 03-Sep-2013 12:10:03 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 13484 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS-CENTER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GROUP 01, 03, 04 WITHIN 30D, GROUP 03, 01, 04 WITHIN 30D, GROUP 04, 01, 03 WITHIN 30D, ORIENT 218D TO 228.8 D, ORIENT 225D TO 228.8 D, ORIENT 234D TO 251 D, ORIENT 234D TO 253 D, ORIENT 308D TO 342 D, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 1 3, PATTERN 2 1, SCHED 50% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F280N, F373N, F487N, F502N, F631N, F656N, F673N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HH1-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------