13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13795 Version: 15 Check-in Time: 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 STScI Edit Number: 12 Title HST Observations of Comet-Induced Aurora on Mars during the Siding Spring Encounter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. John T. Clarke Boston University Y CoI: Dr. Roger V. Yelle University of Arizona N CoI: Dr. Majd Matta Boston University N CoI: Dr. Jean-Loup C Bertaux Boston University N CoI: Dr. Dave Brain University of Colorado at Boulder N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The martian upper atmosphere is likely to be strongly perturbed by the near collision with Comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) on 19 Oct. 2014. This is a unique event in the history of space science, it will be the first time that we have a chance to study the close encounter of an active comet with a terrestrial planet. Significant mass and energy will be deposited in the upper atmosphere of Mars if the comet coma is sufficiently dense. Present estimates have Comet Siding Spring at a moderate production rate when it passes by Mars, which is expected to result in the strong perturbations of the martian atmosphere. This proposal is to make HST observations of the atmosphere of Mars before and during the comet encounter to measure the energy input to the upper atmosphere through the auroral emissions that will be produced by the deposition of energy of incoming water-group molecules. The observation of auroral emissions will permit a direct estimate of the total energy input to the martian upper atmosphere, and it will provide us a unique chance to determine the response of the martian atmosphere to strong auroral processes. This will likely be the only opportunity to make this measurement in the lifetime of HST, and it will provide support for the NASA MAVEN mission, which will have recently arrived in orbit about Mars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The proposed HST observations will consist of far-UV images to be obtained with the ACS/SBC, and far and near UV spectra to be obtained with the STIS/MAMA and STIS/CCD modes. The images will provide high resolution maps of the auroral emissions and corresponding energy input, and the highest sensitivity will be obtained in the dark nightside atmosphere. The spectra will be obtained with a long narrow aperture (52 x 0.5) in both far-UV and near-UV wavelengths ranges to cover all the emissions indicated in the SPICAM data. For the spectra the aperture will be placed E/W across the disc of Mars, which will be ~ 10 arc sec in diameter on 19 Oct. 2014, and thus cover both day and nightside atmospheres with the field of view extending to high altitudes above the martian limb. If the martian exosphere expands on a short time scale in response to the comet energy input, we be able to measure this in individual species. We request one visit of 2 orbits (one for ACS, one for STIS) about a week before the encounter to establish the "normal" emissions close in time to the impact, and another 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 2] visit of two orbits scheduled at the time of the encounter: 12 x 100 sec ACS/SBC FUV images, with F115 and F125 filters a 1000 sec STIS G140L long slit spectrum, aperture E/W across the disc of Mars two 500 sec STIS/CCD near-UV long slit spectra, aperture E/W across the disc One key element of this program is that it must be scheduled as close as possible to the 1-2 hour time of the passage of the comet coma past Mars. If the closest HST visibility window is during an SAA passage, it will not be possible to conduct the far-UV observations with the MAMA's, and we would just schedule the STIS/CCD near-UV spectra. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 TARGET NAME: MARS-ACS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Planet Mars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=MARS TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=13, ANG=320, REF=NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 0.8 +/- .3 Offset Mars disc to corner of ACS/SBC field of view to UV emission line fluxes are given in the text. image extended H Lyman alpha coronal emission Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 TARGET NAME: MARS-STIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Planet Mars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=MARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 0.8 +/- .3 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 93D TO 95 D; BETWEEN 19-OCT-2014:03:30:00 AND 19-OCT-2014:04:30:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MARS-ACS ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 8 100 S (800 GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MARS-ACS ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP 11 100 S (1100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 1 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 2 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 3 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 4 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 5 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 6 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 7 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 8 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 1 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 2 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 3 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 4 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 5 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 6 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 7 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 8 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 9 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 10 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 11 none 1 N/A 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 93D TO 95 D; BETWEEN 19-OCT-2014:07:00:00 AND 19-OCT-2014:08:30:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 MARS-STIS STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.5 G140L 1425 BUFFER-TIME=8000 1 1200 S -MAMA G (1200 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MARS-STIS 1 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 1 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.5 G140L 1425 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 93D TO 95 D; BETWEEN 19-OCT-2014:21:20:00 AND 19-OCT-2014:22:50:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 MARS-STIS STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 1 100 S (100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 MARS-STIS STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.5 G140L 1425 BUFFER-TIME=8000 1 1200 S -MAMA G (1200 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MARS-STIS 1 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 1 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 1 1 N/A MARS-STIS 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.5 G230LB 2375 none none none 2 1 N/A MARS-STIS 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.5 G140L 1425 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 89D TO 95 D; BETWEEN 20-OCT-2014:00:30:00 AND 20-OCT-2014:01:50:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MARS-ACS ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 8 100 S (800 GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MARS-ACS ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP 9 100 S (900 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 1 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 2 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 3 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 4 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 5 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 6 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 7 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP none none 8 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 1 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 2 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 3 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 4 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 5 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 6 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 7 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 8 none 1 N/A MARS-ACS 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC-FIX F115LP none none 9 none 1 N/A 13795( 15) - 08-Oct-2014 20:05:40 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 13795 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.5, SBC-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/SBC, STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=8000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 19-OCT-2014:03:30:00 AND 19-OCT-2014:04:30:00, BETWEEN 19-OCT-2014:07:00:00 AND 19-OCT-2014:08:30:00, BETWEEN 19-OCT-2014:21:20:00 AND 19-OCT-2014:22:50:00, BETWEEN 20-OCT-2014:00:30:00 AND 20-OCT-2014:01:50:00, GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3, GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE, ORIENT 89D TO 95 D, ORIENT 93D TO 95 D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F115LP, F140LP, G140L, G230LB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names MARS-ACS, MARS-STIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------