13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13945 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Solving the X-ray Origin Problem in Large-scale Jets with Chandra and Fermi Observations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Eileen T Meyer Space Telescope Science Institute Y CoI: Dr. William B. Sparks Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Markos Georganopoulos University of Maryland Baltimore County N CoI: Dr. Aneta Siemiginowska Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Prof. Eric S. Perlman Florida Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Marco Chiaberge Space Telescope Science Institute - ESA N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We propose deep ACIS-S observations of five kpc-scale powerful quasar jets, previously detected in short exposures 10-13 years ago, to accurately measure the X-ray flux level and spectral index for individual knots in the resolved jet. We are motivated by our recent results that in two powerful sources, 3C 273 and PKS 1136-135, the X-rays are synchrotron, rather than the widely believed IC emission off the CMB. These two models imply radically different jets and deep Chandra imaging is necessary to distinguish between them with the help of existing Fermi data. The proposed targets have been selected to cover almost 2 orders of magnitude in jet power, which allows us to evaluate the X-ray emission mechanism over a wide range of jet powers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Four HST orbits for 2 targets were granted as part of a Chandra X-ray observing proposal. Those targets are two quasars with 5-8" resolved radio jets. The source positions given are of the core (nucleus). The science target is the large-scale jet, which will be observed in the IR (WFC3 F160W) and optical (ACS/WFC F814W) with the goal of detecting the individual knots (0.5-1" in extent) in the jet. 3C9 has a jet extending to the southeast (PA 132 degrees) for ~8", and also shows a hotspot on the side 180 from the jet, also ~8" from the core position. QSO 0234+285 has only a one-sided jet extending due North (PA 0 degrees) for ~5" before making a 90 degree turn to the West. We considered the PA of the jet to run through angles 330-360 degrees for the purposes of roll angle constraints. For the IR observations, we used a modified line-dither pattern and roll angle constraints to ensure no problems with persistence from the bright cores would affect the pixels centered on the jet knots. For the ACS/WFC imaging, we centered the target on the WFC1 chip and applied roll angle constraints to avoid any blooming/streaking from a saturated core from over-running the jet. No other bright objects are in the vicinity of the targets. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C9 GALAXY, JET, KNOT, RA=00H20M25.2000S, J2000 V = 17 +/- 1 NUCLEUS, QUASAR, RADIO DEC=+15D40'55.00" GALAXY Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 0234+285 GALAXY, JET, KNOT, RA=02H37M52.4000S, J2000 V = 18 +/- 1 NUCLEUS, QUASAR, RADIO DEC=+28D48'9.00" GALAXY Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 3] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-IR-DITHER-LINE-3PT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.605 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 41.788 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 70 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 3C 9 is a radio galaxy with a relatively bright core. The science target(s) are a series of bright knots in the radio jet extending out ~ 8 arcseconds to the southeast. To avoid persistance from the core accidentally contaminating pixels which image the jet in subsequent exposures, the dithering pattern extends out more or less in a line, using the standard 3-pt line dither with an additional POSTARG offset. Roll angle constraints are used to ensure this line does not end up going over the jet. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C9 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 CUM (897.697 1 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C9 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 1, 1; PATTERN 1 CUM (897.697 2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C9 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 2, 2 CUM (299.232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C9 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 2.5, 2.5 CUM (299.232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3C9 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM 3C9 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM 3C9 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM 3C9 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM 3C9 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM 3C9 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM 3C9 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W none none none none 1 N/A CUM 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3C9 4 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W none none none none 1 N/A CUM 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 219D TO 290 D; ORIENT 50D TO 130 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: QSO 0234-285, like 3C 9 has a relatively bright core. The science target is a resolved jet extending out ~5" to the west. Similar precautions as with 3c9 were taken with the line-dither pattern and roll angle constraints to avoid any persistent flux from the bright core from contaminating pixels which later center on the jet which is the main science target. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 0234+285 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 CUM (897.697 1 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 0234+285 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 1.2, 1.2; CUM (897.697 PATTERN 1 2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 0234+285 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 2.4, 2.4 CUM (299.232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 0234+285 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W SAMP-SEQ=STEP50, NSAMP=11 1 DEF POS TARG 3, 3 CUM (299.232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0234+285 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W none none none none 1 N/A CUM 0234+285 4 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W none none none none 1 N/A CUM 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 75D TO 80 D; ORIENT 265D TO 281 D; ORIENT 350D TO 8 D; ORIENT 247D TO 254 D; ORIENT 97D TO 100 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Roll Angle (ORIENT) constraints are specified to avoid any blooming or streaking from the core from over-running the jet, and also to avoid placing bright stars either in the chip gap or near the edge of a dector (to avoid "dragon's breath" and reflection problems). We applied a 5-pt dithering pattern to optimize PSF sampling, with the last two exposures offset by 4" in y in order to cover the chip gap, in order to increase the archive utility of the images. The POS_TARGS are also set to move the target nearer to the B readouts, to minimize CTE since the jet target is expected to be faint. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 408 S (408 POS TARG -50, 0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 408 S (408 POS TARG -50.15914, S) 0.23969 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 408 S (408 POS TARG -50.31641, S) 0.08319 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 408 S (408 POS TARG -50.07990, S) 4.19413 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 408 S (408 POS TARG -50.28771, S) 4.28896 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3C9 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 3C9 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 3C9 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 3C9 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 3C9 5 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 34D TO 53 D; ORIENT 145D TO 155 D; ORIENT 310D TO 340 D; ORIENT 290D TO 300 D; ORIENT 125D TO 132 D; ORIENT 61D TO 67 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Roll Angle (ORIENT) constraints are specified to avoid any blooming or streaking from the core from over-running the jet, and also to avoid placing bright stars either in the chip gap or near the edge of a dector (to avoid "dragon's breath" and reflection problems). We applied a 5-pt dithering pattern to optimize PSF sampling, with the last two exposures offset by 4" in y in order to cover the chip gap, in order to increase the archive utility of the images. The POS_TARGS are also set to move the target nearer to the A readouts, to minimize CTE since the jet target is expected to be faint. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 0234+285 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 410 S (410 POS TARG 40, 15 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 0234+285 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 410 S (410 POS TARG 40.15914, S) 15.23969 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 0234+285 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 410 S (410 POS TARG 40.31641, S) 15.08319 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 0234+285 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 410 S (410 POS TARG 40.07990, S) 19.19413 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 0234+285 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 410 S (410 POS TARG 40.28771, S) 19.28896 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0234+285 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 0234+285 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 0234+285 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 0234+285 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 0234+285 5 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W none none none none 1 N/A 13945( 5) - 09-Dec-2014 18:55:30 - [ 9] Summary Form for Proposal 13945 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures IR, WFC1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC, WFC3/IR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters NSAMP=11, SAMP-SEQ=STEP50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 0D TO 70 D, ORIENT 125D TO 132 D, ORIENT 145D TO 155 D, ORIENT 219D TO 290 D, ORIENT 247D TO 254 D, ORIENT 265D TO 281 D, ORIENT 290D TO 300 D, ORIENT 310D TO 340 D, ORIENT 34D TO 53 D, ORIENT 350D TO 8 D, ORIENT 50D TO 130 D, ORIENT 61D TO 67 D, ORIENT 75D TO 80 D, ORIENT 97D TO 100 D, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, POS TARG -50, 0, POS TARG -50.07990, 4.19413, POS TARG -50.15914, 0.23969, POS TARG -50.28771, 4.28896, POS TARG -50.31641, 0.08319, POS TARG 0, 0, POS TARG 1, 1, POS TARG 1.2, 1.2, POS TARG 2, 2, POS TARG 2.4, 2.4, POS TARG 2.5, 2.5, POS TARG 3, 3, POS TARG 40, 15, POS TARG 40.07990, 19.19413, POS TARG 40.15914, 15.23969, POS TARG 40.28771, 19.28896, POS TARG 40.31641, 15.08319 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F160W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 0234+285, 3C9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------