14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14090 Version: 6 Check-in Time: 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title New FUV diagnostics of the atmosphere of the hot-Jupiter HD 209458b with HST/COS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Gilda E. Ballester University of Arizona Y CoI: Dr. Lotfi Ben Jaffel CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N CoI: Dr. Antonio Garcia Munoz Technische Universitat Berlin N CoI: Dr. Jorge Sanz-Forcada Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC/INTA) Inst. N Nac. de Tec. Aero. CoI: Dr. Gregory W. Henry Tennessee State University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract As the first known transiting exoplanet, HD 209458b has set various precedents in the study of the lower and upper atmospheres of worlds beyond our solar system. The discovery with HST STIS/G140L FUV transit observations of this hot Jupiter of an extended upper atmosphere of H I and heavy O I and C II species has driven much theoretical work to explain the heating and inflation at high altitudes caused by the large XUV input from the nearby star. Our recent work shows however that the stellar activity and XUV input have been significantly overestimated in all previous studies. With up-to-date upper-atmosphere models combined with magnetospheric simulations, we find that for the STIS results of line-integrated absorptions of about 10%, the extended distributions of O I and C II should be accompanied by broad line-absorption profiles from non-thermal processes together with supersolar abundances in O and C, and the planet may also possess an extended magnetosphere. The picture is degenerate, but can be significantly improved if detections better than the 2-3 sigma measurements from STIS are obtained. The unique FUV capabilities of HST COS/G130M will be exploited for this key target. Line-integrated absorptions in both O I and C II will be measured at ~ 5-10 sigma. For the first time, absorption line profiles will be adequately resolved, with information on Doppler shifts and equivalent widths to help distinguish between atmospheric scenarios and potential magnetospheric phenomena. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Will observe HD 209458 during three transits of its hot Jupiter, spanning 4 HST orbits per transit. Each visit will start with the planet around orbital phase 0.957-0.970 to observe before transit (orbit 1), during transit (orbits 2 and 3) and after transit (orbit 4) and properly sample the baseline stellar fluxes. We will use COS G130M in time-tagged mode with the 1291 grating setting and a single FP-POS per visit, in order to sample all O I 1304, C II 1335, and Si III 1206 Ang simultaneously, and to keep a consistent zero wavelength and dispersion. This is key for the program's goal of measuring the planetary absorption line profiles. The repeatability provided by a single setup together with the time-tagging of the data will also allow for selection of part of the 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 2] exposures with respect to the sampling of the transit light curve as needed per visit. Ideally there should be the lowest possible geocoronal (O I 1304 Ang) background as is possible when observing near opposition (near SHADOW conditions). However, the timing of the transits is a stronger time scheduling constraint, and we need to observe 3 transits to build up the S/N, hopefully all in this cycle. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=22H03M10.7721S +/- 0.01", J2000 V = V = 7.63 B=8.21 J=6.591 PLANETARY SYSTEM DEC=+18D53'3.54" +/- 0.01" -14.72 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: G0V star. This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.0020116102932388994 -0.01881 0.02015 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 12 S (12 PHASE 0.957 TO 0.970; GE S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=200, SEGMENT=BOTH, 1 20 S (20 G FP-POS=4, FLASH=YES S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1065, 1 1162 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1162 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1065, 1 1162 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1162 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-209458 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE HD-209458 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-209458 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-209458 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-209458 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-209458 9 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 N/A G HD-209458 10 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 N/A G 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 12 S (12 PHASE 0.957 TO 0.970; GE S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=200, SEGMENT=BOTH, 1 20 S (20 G FP-POS=2, FLASH=YES S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1065, 1 1162 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1162 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1065, 1 1162 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1162 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1315, 1 1415 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2, (1415 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-209458 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE HD-209458 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-209458 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-209458 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-209458 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-209458 9 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 N/A G HD-209458 10 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 N/A G 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: SCHED 50%; Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 12 S (12 PHASE 0.957 TO 0.970; GE S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=200, SEGMENT=BOTH, 1 20 S (20 G FP-POS=3, FLASH=YES S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1015, 1 1115 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1115 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1015, 1 1115 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1115 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1270, 1 1370 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1370 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1270, 1 1370 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1370 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1270, 1 1370 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1370 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1270, 1 1370 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1370 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1270, 1 1370 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1370 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HD-209458 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1270, 1 1370 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1370 S) FLASH=YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-209458 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE HD-209458 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-209458 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-209458 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-209458 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-209458 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-209458 9 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 N/A G HD-209458 10 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 N/A G 14090( 6) - 04-Dec-2015 11:54:11 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 14090 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures BOA, PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1015, BUFFER-TIME=1065, BUFFER-TIME=1270, BUFFER-TIME=1315, BUFFER-TIME=200, FLASH=YES, FP-POS=2, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4, SEGMENT=BOTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.957 TO 0.970, Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521, SCHED 50%, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 5-6 NON-INT, SEQ 7-8 NON-INT, SEQ 9-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, MIRRORA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD-209458 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------