14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14131 Version: 8 Check-in Time: 12-May-2016 18:08:04 STScI Edit Number: 4 Title Origin of double peaks in Lyman-alpha spectra: diffuse halos or Lyman continuum leakage? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Ivana Orlitova Astronomical Institute, Academy of Y Sciences of CR CoI: Dr. Anne Verhamme Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Prof. Goeran Oestlin Stockholm University N CoI: Dr. Jens Melinder Stockholm University N CoI: Prof. Matthew Hayes Stockholm University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The Lyman-alpha (Lya) line of hydrogen is a tool of prominent cosmological importance. Most of the observed spectra show P-Cygni profiles, but a fraction of them are double-peaked, interpreted as radiative transfer effects in static media in the realm of the common expanding shell models. However, several studies indicate that this interpretation is inconsistent with ancillary data. We propose a new theoretical scheme for the origin of 2 types of double peaks: 1) Our simulations show that double peaks arise in Lya "halos", i.e. diffuse Lya emission in circum-galactic gas. 2) We predict that no Lya halos are expected at galaxies with escaping Lyman continuum (LyC), and in this case narrow Lya double peaks result from radiative transfer in low column density of neutral hydrogen. We propose testing these two schemes on Green Peas, a class of local, compact, low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies, which comprise some of the strongest candidates for LyC escape. Most of their HST/COS Lya spectra are double-peaked, carrying the signal from the entire galaxy and its Lya halo, thanks to the target compactness. We have selected 4 targets with very different Lya spectra: narrow and broad, strong and weak double-peaks, and one single-peak spectrum. We will image them in Lya, FUV continuum and H-alpha. We expect detecting 2 large halos (plus one available in the archive), while the other 2 targets are probable LyC leakers. We will search for connections between spatial Lya properties (halo extent, surface brightness profile, flux concentration) and spectral Lya signatures (peak separation, blue peak strength). Our results will have impact on Lya data interpretation both at low and high redshift. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ This program will image 4 compact dwarf galaxies with two ACS/SBC filters to synthesize a Lya bandpass (F140LP and F150LP - 2 orbits per target for z<0.2, or F150LP and F165LP - 4 orbits per target for z>0.2), with two WFC3/UVIS filters (F390W and F475W, 1 orbit per target), and with ACS/WFC (F850LP and ramp filters FR872N or FR853N, 1 orbit per target). This amounts to 18 orbits. All SBC visits are kept to 2 orbits to prevent heatup of the detector and the associated increase in dark current. All SBC visits are safe with respect to 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 2] the bright object limit. We have indicated ETC run numbers for the brightest (in FUV flux) target in all filters used, hence this is conservative and deemed safe by the BOT tool. All SBC visits should be scheduled so that the SBC HAS NOT BEEN IN USE FOR THE PAST 24 hours to minimize the dark current. All SBC visits use 4 dither positions per filter to improve photometric accuracy and to mitigate the effect of the detector stripe. The WFC3/UVIS visits, 1 orbit per target, filters F390W and F475W, utilise a 3 point dither to step over droplets. ACS/WFC is used for ramp filter imaging and F850LP, utilising SMALL pos-targs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J121903 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT, RA=12H19M3.9840S, J2000 Z = V = 19.6 +/- 0.1 FUV = 19.3 mag AB .98+152608.5 STARBURST DEC=+15D26'8.52" 0.1956 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J145735 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT, RA=14H57M35.1390S, J2000 Z = V = 19.3 +/- 0.1 FUV = 20.2 mag AB .13+223201.8 STARBURST DEC=+22D32'1.79" 0.1487 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J124834 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT, RA=12H48M34.6360S, J2000 Z = V = 20.0 +/- 0.1 FUV = 19.6 mag AB .63+123402.9 STARBURST DEC=+12D34'2.93" 0.2634 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J113722 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT, RA=11H37M22.1450S +/- 0.2", J2000 Z = V = 18.9 +/- 0.1 FUV = 19.3 mag AB .14+352426.6 STARBURST DEC=+35D24'26.69" +/- 0.2" 0.1944 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 4] Visit: 01 (GP1219-SBC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: We request that the SBC not be used 24 hours before this visit in order to mitigate the effects of dark current. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 650 S (650 GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 3.98+152608 S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 665 S (665 SAME POS AS 1 3.98+152608 S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 665 S (665 POS TARG 3.98+152608 S) -0.5205166987938966, .5 -0.9500606943305857 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 650 S (650 SAME POS AS 3 3.98+152608 S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 690 S (690 POS TARG 3.98+152608 S) 0.5842473570133007, .5 0.9493177058268445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 700 S (700 SAME POS AS 5 3.98+152608 S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 700 S (700 POS TARG 3.98+152608 S) 0.812033905790553, .5 -1.4106813371006068 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SDSS-J12190 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 690 S (690 SAME POS AS 7 3.98+152608 S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J121903.98+152 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J121903.98+152 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 SDSS-J121903.98+152 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 SDSS-J121903.98+152 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 SDSS-J121903.98+152 5 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 2 N/A 608.5 SDSS-J121903.98+152 6 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 608.5 SDSS-J121903.98+152 7 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 608.5 SDSS-J121903.98+152 8 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 2 N/A 608.5 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (GP1457-SBC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: We request that the SBC not be used 24 hours before this visit in order to mitigate the effects of dark current Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 650 S (650 5.13+223201 S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 665 S (665 SAME POS AS 1 5.13+223201 S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 665 S (665 POS TARG 5.13+223201 S) -0.5205166987938966, .8 -0.9500606943305857 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 650 S (650 SAME POS AS 3 5.13+223201 S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 680 S (680 POS TARG 5.13+223201 S) 0.5842473570133007, .8 0.9493177058268445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 710 S (710 SAME POS AS 5 5.13+223201 S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 710 S (710 POS TARG 5.13+223201 S) 0.812033905790553, .8 -1.4106813371006068 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SDSS-J14573 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 680 S (680 SAME POS AS 7 5.13+223201 S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J145735.13+223 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J145735.13+223 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 SDSS-J145735.13+223 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 SDSS-J145735.13+223 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 SDSS-J145735.13+223 5 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 2 N/A 201.8 SDSS-J145735.13+223 6 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 201.8 SDSS-J145735.13+223 7 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 201.8 SDSS-J145735.13+223 8 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 2 N/A 201.8 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 8] Visit: 04 (GP1137-SBC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: We request that the SBC not be used 24 hours before this visit in order to mitigate the effects of dark current Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 674 S (674 2.14+352426 S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 669 S (669 SAME POS AS 1 2.14+352426 S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 660 S (660 POS TARG 2.14+352426 S) -0.5205166987938966, .6 -0.9500606943305857 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 674 S (674 SAME POS AS 3 2.14+352426 S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 700 S (700 POS TARG 2.14+352426 S) 0.5842473570133007, .6 0.9493177058268445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 713 S (713 SAME POS AS 5 2.14+352426 S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 713 S (713 POS TARG 2.14+352426 S) 0.812033905790553, .6 -1.4106813371006068 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SDSS-J11372 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 1 700 S (700 SAME POS AS 7 2.14+352426 S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J113722.14+352 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J113722.14+352 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 SDSS-J113722.14+352 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 SDSS-J113722.14+352 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 SDSS-J113722.14+352 5 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 2 N/A 426.6 SDSS-J113722.14+352 6 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 426.6 SDSS-J113722.14+352 7 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 426.6 SDSS-J113722.14+352 8 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none none none 2 N/A 426.6 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 10] Visit: 05 (GP1248-SBC-1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: We request that the SBC not be used 24 hours before this visit in order to mitigate the effects of dark current. SBC observations of GP1248 split in two visits to prevent heatup (and associated increase in dark current) of detector. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 740 S (740 4.63+123402 S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP 1 2000 S SAME POS AS 1 4.63+123402 (2000 S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP 1 2090 S POS TARG 4.63+123402 (2090 S) -0.5205166987938966, .9 -0.9500606943305857 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 800 S (800 SAME POS AS 3 4.63+123402 S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J124834.63+123 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 SDSS-J124834.63+123 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 SDSS-J124834.63+123 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP none none none none 2 N/A 402.9 SDSS-J124834.63+123 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 402.9 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 11] Visit: 06 (GP1248-SBC-2) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: We request that the SBC not be used 24 hours before this visit in order to mitigate the effects of dark current. SBC observations of GP1248 split in two visits to prevent heatup (and associated increase in dark current) of detector. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 740 S (740 POS TARG 4.63+123402 S) 0.5842473570133007, .9 0.9493177058268445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP 1 2000 S SAME POS AS 1 4.63+123402 (2000 S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP 1 800 S (800 SAME POS AS 4 4.63+123402 S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12483 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP 1 2070 S POS TARG 4.63+123402 (2070 S) 0.812033905790553, .9 -1.4106813371006068 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J124834.63+123 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 SDSS-J124834.63+123 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 SDSS-J124834.63+123 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F150LP none none none none 2 N/A 402.9 SDSS-J124834.63+123 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F165LP none none none none 2 N/A 402.9 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 12] Visit: 07 (GP1219-UVIS) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12190 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F438W FLASH=8 1 400 S (400 3.98+152608 S 1C-SUB S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12190 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F438W FLASH=8 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 2.9568, 2.9568 3.98+152608 S 1C-SUB S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12190 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F438W FLASH=8 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 5.9136, 5.9136 3.98+152608 S 1C-SUB S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12190 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=4 1 400 S (400 SAME POS AS 3 3.98+152608 S 1C-SUB S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J12190 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=4 1 400 S (400 SAME POS AS 2 3.98+152608 S 1C-SUB S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J12190 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=4 1 400 S (400 SAME POS AS 1 3.98+152608 S 1C-SUB S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J121903.98+152 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F438W none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J121903.98+152 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F438W none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J121903.98+152 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F438W none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J121903.98+152 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J121903.98+152 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J121903.98+152 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 S K1C-SUB 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 13] Visit: 08 (GP1457-UVIS) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J14573 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=9 1 400 S (400 5.13+223201 S 1C-SUB S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J14573 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=9 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 2.9568, 2.9568 5.13+223201 S 1C-SUB S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J14573 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=9 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 5.9136, 5.9136 5.13+223201 S 1C-SUB S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J14573 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=5 1 400 S (400 SAME POS AS 3 5.13+223201 S 1C-SUB S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J14573 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=5 1 400 S (400 SAME POS AS 2 5.13+223201 S 1C-SUB S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J14573 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=6 1 400 S (400 SAME POS AS 1 5.13+223201 S 1C-SUB S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J145735.13+223 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J145735.13+223 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J145735.13+223 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J145735.13+223 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J145735.13+223 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J145735.13+223 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 S K1C-SUB 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 14] Visit: 09 (GP1248-UVIS) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12483 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F438W FLASH=9 1 300 S (300 4.63+123402 S 1C-SUB S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12483 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F438W FLASH=9 1 300 S (300 POS TARG 2.9568, 2.9568 4.63+123402 S 1C-SUB S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12483 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F438W FLASH=9 1 300 S (300 POS TARG 5.9136, 5.9136 4.63+123402 S 1C-SUB S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12483 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F547M FLASH=6 1 500 S (500 SAME POS AS 3 4.63+123402 S 1C-SUB S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J12483 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F547M FLASH=6 1 500 S (500 SAME POS AS 2 4.63+123402 S 1C-SUB S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J12483 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F547M FLASH=6 1 499 S (499 SAME POS AS 1 4.63+123402 S 1C-SUB S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J124834.63+123 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F438W none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J124834.63+123 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F438W none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J124834.63+123 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F438W none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J124834.63+123 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F547M none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J124834.63+123 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F547M none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J124834.63+123 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F547M none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 S K1C-SUB 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 15] Visit: 10 (GP1137-UVIS) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J11372 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=9 1 400 S (400 2.14+352426 S 1C-SUB S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J11372 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=9 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 2.9568, 2.9568 2.14+352426 S 1C-SUB S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J11372 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=9 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 5.9136, 5.9136 2.14+352426 S 1C-SUB S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J11372 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=4 1 415 S (415 SAME POS AS 3 2.14+352426 S 1C-SUB S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J11372 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=4 1 415 S (415 SAME POS AS 2 2.14+352426 S 1C-SUB S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SDSS-J11372 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F475W FLASH=4 1 415 S (415 SAME POS AS 1 2.14+352426 S 1C-SUB S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J113722.14+352 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J113722.14+352 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J113722.14+352 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J113722.14+352 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J113722.14+352 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 S K1C-SUB SDSS-J113722.14+352 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F475W none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 S K1C-SUB 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 16] Visit: 11 (GP1219-ACS-WFC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12190 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7849 FLASH=15 1 400 S (400 3.98+152608 P S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12190 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7849 FLASH=15 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 0.115, 0.125 3.98+152608 P S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12190 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7849 FLASH=15 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 0.231, 0.259 3.98+152608 P S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12190 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM F850LP FLASH=1 1 380 S (380 SAME POS AS 3 3.98+152608 P S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J12190 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM F850LP FLASH=1 1 380 S (380 SAME POS AS 1 3.98+152608 P S) .5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J121903.98+152 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7849 none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 MP SDSS-J121903.98+152 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7849 none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 MP SDSS-J121903.98+152 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7849 none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 MP SDSS-J121903.98+152 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 MP SDSS-J121903.98+152 5 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 608.5 MP 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 17] Visit: 12 (GP1457-ACS-WFC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J14573 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7541 FLASH=16 1 400 S (400 5.13+223201 P S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J14573 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7541 FLASH=16 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 0.115, 0.125 5.13+223201 P S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J14573 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7541 FLASH=16 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 0.231, 0.259 5.13+223201 P S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J14573 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM F850LP FLASH=6 1 379 S (379 SAME POS AS 3 5.13+223201 P S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J14573 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM F850LP FLASH=6 1 379 S (379 SAME POS AS 1 5.13+223201 P S) .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J145735.13+223 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7541 none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 MP SDSS-J145735.13+223 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7541 none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 MP SDSS-J145735.13+223 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7541 none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 MP SDSS-J145735.13+223 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 MP SDSS-J145735.13+223 5 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 201.8 MP 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 18] Visit: 13 (GP1137-ACS-WFC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J11372 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7841 FLASH=16 1 402 S (402 2.14+352426 P S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J11372 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7841 FLASH=16 1 402 S (402 POS TARG 0.115, 0.125 2.14+352426 P S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J11372 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM FR782N 7841 FLASH=16 1 402 S (402 POS TARG 0.231, 0.259 2.14+352426 P S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J11372 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM F850LP FLASH=4 1 399 S (399 SAME POS AS 3 2.14+352426 P S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J11372 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORAM F850LP FLASH=4 1 399 S (399 SAME POS AS 1 2.14+352426 P S) .6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J113722.14+352 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7841 none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 MP SDSS-J113722.14+352 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7841 none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 MP SDSS-J113722.14+352 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA FR782N 7841 none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 MP SDSS-J113722.14+352 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 MP SDSS-J113722.14+352 5 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC2-ORA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 426.6 MP 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 19] Visit: 14 (GP1248-ACS-WFC) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J12483 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRAM FR853N 8294 FLASH=16 1 400 S (400 4.63+123402 P S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J12483 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRAM FR853N 8294 FLASH=16 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 0.115, 0.125 4.63+123402 P S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J12483 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRAM FR853N 8294 FLASH=16 1 400 S (400 POS TARG 0.231, 0.259 4.63+123402 P S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SDSS-J12483 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRAM F850LP FLASH=2 1 382 S (382 SAME POS AS 3 4.63+123402 P S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SDSS-J12483 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRAM F850LP FLASH=2 1 382 S (382 SAME POS AS 1 4.63+123402 P S) .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J124834.63+123 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRA FR853N 8294 none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 MP SDSS-J124834.63+123 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRA FR853N 8294 none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 MP SDSS-J124834.63+123 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRA FR853N 8294 none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 MP SDSS-J124834.63+123 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 MP SDSS-J124834.63+123 5 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-IRA F850LP none none none none 1 N/A 402.9 MP 14131( 8) - 12-May-2016 18:08:04 - [ 20] Summary Form for Proposal 14131 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures SBC, UVIS2-C1K1C-SUB, WFC1-IRAMP, WFC2-ORAMP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/SBC, ACS/WFC, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=1, FLASH=15, FLASH=16, FLASH=2, FLASH=4, FLASH=5, FLASH=6, FLASH=8, FLASH=9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3, POS TARG -0.5205166987938966, -0.9500606943305857, POS TARG 0.115, 0.125, POS TARG 0.231, 0.259, POS TARG 0.5842473570133007, 0.9493177058268445, POS TARG 0.812033905790553, -1.4106813371006068, POS TARG 2.9568, 2.9568, POS TARG 5.9136, 5.9136, SAME POS AS 1, SAME POS AS 2, SAME POS AS 3, SAME POS AS 4, SAME POS AS 5, SAME POS AS 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F140LP, F150LP, F165LP, F390W, F438W, F475W, F547M, F850LP, FR782N, FR853N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SDSS-J113722.14+352426.6, SDSS-J121903.98+152608.5, SDSS-J124834.63+123402.9, SDSS-J145735.13+223201.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------