14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14222 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Full HST coverage of a comet-like exoplanet in transit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. David Ehrenreich Observatoire de Geneve Y CoI: Dr. Peter J. Wheatley The University of Warwick N CoI: Dr. Vincent Bourrier Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Dr. Alain Lecavelier des Etangs CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N CoI: Dr. Alfred Vidal-Madjar CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N CoI: Dr. Xavier Delfosse Universite de Grenoble I N CoI: Dr. Antonio Gracia Berna University of Bern N CoI: Prof. Nicolas Thomas University of Bern N CoI: Dr. Stephane Udry Observatoire de Geneve N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Exoplanets orbiting at close distances from their stars could lose some fraction of their atmospheres because of the extreme stellar irradiation. Hot rocky planets might have lost all of their atmospheres through this process, having evolved from larger progenitors with gas envelopes, possibly Neptune-mass exoplanets. The signature of this mass loss could be observed with HST/STIS at Lyman-alpha; however, there were no convincing detections of this effect for planets less massive than gas giants. New HST observations of the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b reveal a spectacular atmospheric escape. Although not strong enough to deplete the atmosphere of the planet in the lifetime of the parent star, it creates a huge exospheric cloud of atomic hydrogen eclipsing over half the stellar disk at Lyman-alpha. The exospheric cloud transit has an early ingress and numerical simulations predict it could last for almost half the 2.6-day revolution period of the planet, because of an extended comet-like tail. However, the current data do not stretch over this duration, and we propose here to use HST/STIS to cover the full transit. This will reveal the exact shape of GJ 436b exospheric cloud and allow us to discriminate between the two possible mechanism scuplting the cloud. The results could be applied to all moderately-irradiated exoplanets, in particular the planets around M dwarfs that will be detected by the TESS mission. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We are going to do something similar to program GO#12965, except that we will not observe during the transit of the warm-Neptune planet as it is known in the optical. Practically, all settings will be similar to this previous program at the exception of the phase constraints on the first (ACQ) exposures of each visit. Our past observations revealed a huge comet-like cloud of hydrogen surrounding the planet. The cloud starts transiting the star at least 2h before the start of the optical transit, and the comet-like tail trails the planet for more than 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 2] 3h, possibly up to 20h after the end of the optical transit. Hence, we will spread the three visits so as to sample key moments of the comet-like cloud transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ-436 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=11H42M11.0940S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 10.59 PLANETARY SYSTEM, M DEC=+26D42'23.65" +/- 0.1" V-IV Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.06687190377287912 -0.8135399999999999 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: Period 2.64389803 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.084034 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 13 S (13 PHASE 0.85 TO 0.87; SEQ S) 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1886 S -MAMA G (1886 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 5] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ-436 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I GJ-436 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K GJ-436 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K GJ-436 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K GJ-436 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K GJ-436 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: Period 2.64389803 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.084034 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 13 S (13 PHASE 0.05 TO 0.07; SEQ S) 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1886 S -MAMA G (1886 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 7] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ-436 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I GJ-436 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K GJ-436 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K GJ-436 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K GJ-436 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K GJ-436 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: Period 2.64389803 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.084034 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 13 S (13 PHASE 0.39 TO 0.41; SEQ S) 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1886 S -MAMA G (1886 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 GJ-436 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 GJ-436 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2287 S -MAMA G (2287 S) Comments: Exact same settings as in GO#12965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 9] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ-436 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I GJ-436 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K GJ-436 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K GJ-436 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K GJ-436 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA GJ-436 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K GJ-436 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 14222( 3) - 27-Jul-2015 12:56:25 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 14222 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.05, F28X50OII ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.05 TO 0.07, PHASE 0.39 TO 0.41, PHASE 0.85 TO 0.87, Period 2.64389803 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.084034, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-13 NON-INT, SEQ 5-7 NON-INT, SEQ 8-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, G430L, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names GJ-436, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------