14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14239 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Direct Imaging of Galactic Winds in Extreme Starburst Galaxies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Christy A. Tremonti University of Wisconsin - Madison Y CoI: Dr. Ryan Hickox Dartmouth College N CoI: Dr. Alison L. Coil University of California - San Diego N CoI: Dr. John Moustakas Siena College N CoI: Dr. Paul H Sell Texas Tech University N CoI: Dr. Aleksandar M. Diamond-Stanic University of Wisconsin - Madison N CoI: Prof. Gregory Rudnick University of Kansas Center for Research, N Inc. CoI: Dr. Jim Geach University of Hertfordshire N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Without strong feedback and efficient quenching of star formation, it is impossible for numerical simulations to reproduce a realistic galaxy population. To understand how this feedback process works, a crucial parameter that observations can constrain is the mass ejected in galactic winds. Unfortunately, there are order-of-magnitude uncertainties associated with estimates of mass outflow rates, particularly for winds that are detected via blueshifted absorption lines towards distant star-forming galaxies. This is primarily because the geometry and spatial extent of the wind cannot be measured directly and the inferred mass outflow rate scales as r_wind^2. One promising technique is to search for extended emission associated with resonantly scattered line photons from the wind. In practice, this is quite difficult to do with ground-based observations, which lack the required sensitivity and spatial resolution. Here we propose to use the unique medium-band imaging capabilities of HST to directly image the winds associated with two massive galaxies at z=0.6 that have recently experienced a feedback-limited starburst and are known to exhibit high-velocity, galactic scale outflows. We will measure (or place robust limits on) the geometry and spatial extent of these galactic winds as traced by resonantly scattered Mg II photons. This provides a unique opportunity to measure the mass outflow rate and energetics of these powerful winds and to quantify their role in the quenching of star formation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We are proposing to measure the morphology and spatial extent of the galactic winds in two extremely compact starburst galaxies at z = 0.46 and z = 0.66 using WFC3 imaging. We will trace low ionization gas in the wind using resonance emission from Mg II 2800 A which will be at wavelengths of ~4100 and ~4650 A in the observed frame. We are using the F410M and F467M filters to isolate the wind emission. Both filters are well centered on the line and span the range of velocities we 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 2] expect to observe. Assuming that the wind has a shell-like geometry and spatial extent of 6 kpc, we expect the peak surface brightness to be 5e-18 erg/s/cm^2/A/arcsec^2. In our medium band filters, we will reach S/N~8-10 in a 3 x 3 pixel area centered on the brightest part of the shell in 4 orbits. A major concern in our medium-band Mg II imaging is contamination by faint stellar light. We are helped by the fact that our galaxies have very compact light distributions. However, since they are the products of recent major mergers, faint extended tidal features are also present. In order to subtract the stellar light from the filter containing Mg II we are obtaining single-orbit off-band images in F390W. The F390W images will be combined with existing F475W and F814W images to model and remove the continuum in the on-band filter. In the inner regions of the galaxy the major source of stellar light will be the wings of the PSF. Hence it will be important for the on- and off-band images to be taken at the same epoch and telescope role angle. For this reason we have opted to place all 5 orbits associated with an individual target in a single visit. We are using a box-dither to obtain optimal PSF sampling of our target. Due to the low background in our F390W, F410M, and F467M images CTE is a concern. The spatial extent of the outflow is expected to be small (< 200 pixels). We have therefore opted to place the targets close to the readout axis at the UVIS2-C1K1C-CTE position. In addition, we have added post flashes to our exposures to achieve a background of ~12 electrons. While there are some warnings generated about our background being too low, these automated calculations use a low zodiacal background. We have set the post-flash values based on ETC calculations using the actual zodiacal background of the target. We have constrained the orientations to prevent scatted light from bright stars near the edge of the chip. (We only care about +/-400 pixels form the target, so figure 8 ghosts are not a concern.) For Vist 1 (J1107), the orient constraints drastically reduced the visibility. For that reason we shotened the orbit duration slightly to free up some new visibility windows in November. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSSJ1107+04 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=11H07M2.8722S +/- 0.2", J2000 Z = V = 19 +/- 0.1 17 DEC=+04D17'2.77" +/- 0.2" 0.46715 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSSJ1341-03 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=13H41M36.7997S +/- 0.2", J2000 Z = V = 19 +/- 0.1 21 DEC=-03D21'25.27" +/- 0.2" 0.66188 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 1D TO 10 D; ORIENT 230D TO 275 D; ORIENT 285D TO 360 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSSJ1107+0 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=4 1 615 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 417 S 1C-CTE (2460 S) 1 Comments: APT warns that the background is too low, however it assumes a "low" value of the zodiacal light. Using the ETC with the zodiacal light apporiate for the targets RA/DEC, this flash level is adquate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSSJ1107+0 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F410M FLASH=5 1 1418 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 417 S 1C-CTE (5672 S) 2 Comments: APT warns that the background is too low, however it assumes a "low" value of the zodiacal light. Using the ETC with the zodiacal light apporiate for the targets RA/DEC, this flash level is adquate (11.7 e-/pixel) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSSJ1107+0 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F410M FLASH=5 1 1418 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 417 S 1C-CTE (5672 S) 3 Comments: APT warns that the background is too low, however it assumes a "low" value of the zodiacal light. Using the ETC with the zodiacal light apporiate for the targets RA/DEC, this flash level is adquate (11.7 e-/pixel) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1107+0417 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 1 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1107+0417 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 2 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 3 none none none 3 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 4 none none none 3 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 1 none none none 4 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 2 none none none 4 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 3 none none none 5 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1107+0417 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F410M 4 none none none 5 N/A S K1C-CTE 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 100D TO 150 D; ORIENT 215D TO 240 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSSJ1341-0 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F390W FLASH=5 1 618 S PATTERN 1 1 321 S 1C-CTE (2472 S) Comments: APT warns that the background is too low, however it assumes a "low" value of the zodiacal light. Using the ETC with the zodiacal light apporiate for the targets RA/DEC, this flash level is adquate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSSJ1341-0 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F467M FLASH=3 1 1424 S PATTERN 1 2 321 S 1C-CTE (5696 S) Comments: APT warns that the background is too low, however it assumes a "low" value of the zodiacal light. Using the ETC with the zodiacal light apporiate for the targets RA/DEC, this flash level is adquate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSSJ1341-0 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F467M FLASH=3 1 1424 S PATTERN 1 3 321 S 1C-CTE (5696 S) Comments: APT warns that the background is too low, however it assumes a "low" value of the zodiacal light. Using the ETC with the zodiacal light apporiate for the targets RA/DEC, this flash level is adquate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1341-0321 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F390W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 1 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 2 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1341-0321 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 3 none none none 3 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 4 none none none 3 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 1 none none none 4 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 2 none none none 4 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 3 none none none 5 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1341-0321 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F467M 4 none none none 5 N/A S K1C-CTE 14239( 4) - 23-Jul-2015 18:42:21 - [ 9] Summary Form for Proposal 14239 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS2-C1K1C-CTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=3, FLASH=4, FLASH=5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 100D TO 150 D, ORIENT 1D TO 10 D, ORIENT 215D TO 240 D, ORIENT 230D TO 275 D, ORIENT 285D TO 360 D, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 1 3, POS TARG 0, 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F390W, F410M, F467M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SDSSJ1107+0417, SDSSJ1341-0321 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------