14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14356 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Multiwavelength Characterization of Candidate Black Holes in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Richard M. Plotkin University of Michigan Y CoI: Dr. Amy E. Reines University of Michigan N CoI: Dr. Elena Gallo University of Michigan N CoI: Prof. Jenny E. Greene Princeton University N CoI: Dr. James Miller-Jones Curtin University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The properties of the first black holes (BH) that 'seeded' the growth of supermassive BHs are poorly understood, even though these seed BHs represent critical boundary conditions for models of BH/galaxy (co)-evolution. Local dwarf galaxies provide our best opportunity to obtain observational constraints. Here, we propose multiwavelength Chandra, HST and VLA observations to investigate the nature of candidate nuclear BHs in three nearby dwarfs. Our targets were recently identified within the Chandra archive, and they represent a population missed by surveys at optical wavelengths. These observations will place new constraints on seed BH masses, and they will help inform future multiwavelength surveys for BHs in the nuclei of dwarf galaxies. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Our primary HST goal is isolate the optical nucleus for our three target dwarf galaxies. To study our targets, we will use the F110W filter on the WFC3 IR channel and the F606W filter on the WFC3 UVIS channel. The IR filter traces the older stellar population, providing our best probe of the galaxy morphology, while the UVIS imaging will allow us to obtain color information and isolate star forming regions. For targets SDSS J1221 and MRK 1434, we will use the following observing strategy: IR/F110W: With 600s exposures in the F110W filter, we will reach a sensitivity of mu_r=23 mag/arcsec^2 at S/N>10 per pixel, according to the online WFC3 exposure time calculator (our experience is that we can go one magnitude deeper through radial profile averaging). We will divide the 600s exposures into four dithered positions to improve the pixel sampling (and reject bad pixels), using the STEP25 timing sequence with NSAMP=10 (150s per exposure), and using the IRSUB512 subarray to avoid buffer dumps. UVIS/F606W: For the F606W filter, with ~1900 sec exposures we can reach a sensitivity 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 2] better than mu_r=23 mag/arcsec^2, with a S/N~9 per 3x3 pixel box (similar to a 1x1 pixel area in the IR channel). SDSS J1213 is significantly fainter than the other two targets, with a central surface brightness mu_0, r ~ 23.8 mag/arcsec^2. For this source, we will forego the F606W filter, and take a longer ~2600s exposure in only the F110W IR filter. This will provide a sensitivity of mu_r ~ 24-25 mag/arcsec^2, which will be sufficient. For that source, we will use two exposure sequences of 4 dither points each. The first will use the STEP100 sequence with NSAMP = 12 (~600s per exposure). The second will use the STEP100 sequence with NSAMP = 6 (~50s per exposure) for a total exposure time of ~2600s. No subarray will be necessary. We will easily meet our main HST goal of isolating the optical center. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MRK-1434 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT RA=10H34M10.1664S, J2000 V = 16.40 DEC=+58D03'49.43" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J1221+1 GALAXY, AMORPHOUS RA=12H21M11.2560S, J2000 V = 20.89 738 IRREGULAR, DWARF DEC=+17D38'19.32" COMPACT Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-J1213+5 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT RA=12H13M25.9656S, J2000 V = 23.68 436 DEC=+54D36'31.68" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.572 Line_Spacing 0.365 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 18.528 Angle_Between_Sides 74.653 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MRK-1434 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 463 S PATTERN 2 1 S (1852 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MRK-1434 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W NSAMP=10, SAMP-SEQ=STEP25 1 DEF PATTERN 1 2 CUM (513.759 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MRK-1434 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 none none none 1 N/A S MRK-1434 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 2 none none none 1 N/A S MRK-1434 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 3 none none none 1 N/A S MRK-1434 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 4 none none none 1 N/A S MRK-1434 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM MRK-1434 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM MRK-1434 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM MRK-1434 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J1221+ WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 404 S PATTERN 2 1 1738 S (1616 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-J1221+ WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W NSAMP=10, SAMP-SEQ=STEP25 1 DEF PATTERN 1 2 1738 CUM (513.759 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J1221+1738 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 none none none 1 N/A S SDSS-J1221+1738 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 2 none none none 1 N/A S SDSS-J1221+1738 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 3 none none none 1 N/A S SDSS-J1221+1738 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 4 none none none 1 N/A S SDSS-J1221+1738 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1221+1738 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1221+1738 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1221+1738 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-J1213+ WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W NSAMP=14, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25 2 DEF PATTERN 1 1 5436 CUM (2623.512 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 1 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 1 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 2 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 2 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 3 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 3 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 4 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSS-J1213+5436 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F110W 4 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM 14356( 3) - 21-Oct-2015 17:58:42 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 14356 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures IR, IRSUB512, UVIS2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/IR, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters NSAMP=10, NSAMP=14, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25, SAMP-SEQ=STEP25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 2 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F110W, F606W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names MRK-1434, SDSS-J1213+5436, SDSS-J1221+1738 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------