14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14616 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Primordial Triplicity: A Census of Hierarchical Triples in the Cold Classical Kuiper Belt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Simon Porter Southwest Research Institute Y CoI: Dr. Alex Harrison Parker Southwest Research Institute N CoI: Dr. Will M. Grundy Lowell Observatory N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We propose to observe six wide binaries in the cold classical Kuiper Belt (CCKB) with WFC3 to determine what fraction of them are actually triple systems. The only known hierarchical triple Kuiper Belt object is in the 3:2 Neptune resonance, (47171) 1999 TC36, and so far none have been discovered in the CCKB. Because the CCKB was the least disturbed part of the solar system during giant planet migration, it preserves many primordial aspects of planetesimal formation, including our wide binary targets. If even one of these wide binaries is actually a triple, it would strongly imply that the dominant binary formation mechanism was one that could also create triples. The leading such model is gravitational collapse, which requires that any triples and binaries were formed directly out a single cloud of material. JWST/NIRSpec could further test this theory by comparing the spectra of the three separate objects. In addition, hierarchical triples can uniquely provide independent mass determinations for all three objects. These masses can then be combined with thermal radius measurements from JWST/MIRI and ALMA to determine densities for all three objects in a hierarchical triple. Thus these proposed observations would enable JWST to peer into the interiors of some of the most primordial objects in the outer solar system. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ This program will image six wide binary cold classical Kuiper Belt objects with WFC3/UVIS, one target per orbit. The first five targets will be imaged with the UVIS2-M1K1C-SUB subframe to minimize overhead and enable six exposures. The last object has higher heliocentric uncertainty (~10 arcseconds) and will be imaged five times with the full UVIS2 CCD. The binaries will be observed near opposition, when they are the brightest, from December 2016 to August 2017. Each orbit will be co-registered and stacked on the motion of the KBO, using techniques developed in the search for a New Horizons extended mission target, modified to accommodate the subframes and lower star density. The deep stacks will then be searched for faint co-moving objects/companions and fit with Tiny Tim PSFs to split any close, blended binary objects. Finally, the number of triples detected (if any) will be used to constrain the overall triple fraction in the cold classical Kuiper Belt, and the implications of that for binary KBO formation. Because this is a JWST support proposal, no proprietary period has been requested for the data. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 TARGET NAME: 2001QW322 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 3.0" sep, 7.0" uncer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=43.989277211136, E=0.026590290580, I=4.808983088686, O=124.691105493391, W=77.987607528307, M=120.389300980194, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=17-AUG-2017:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 25.0 +/- 1.0 Secondary 25.0 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 TARGET NAME: 2003UN284 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 0.3" sep, 0.0" uncer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=42.519037111645, E=0.000440445629, I=3.075377917875, O=36.076789460802, W=14.985766052552, M=20.074487666474, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=03-DEC-2016:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 24.1 +/- 1.0 Secondary 25.0 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 3 TARGET NAME: 2006BR284 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 0.7" sep, 0.4" uncer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=43.969608088195, E=0.042123842173, I=1.155502424203, O=15.337214480072, W=108.000038911465, M=14.914120077841, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=08-FEB-2017:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 23.6 +/- 1.0 Secondary 24.1 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 4 TARGET NAME: 2006CH69 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 0.6" sep, 0.4" uncer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=45.952489229119, E=0.038547632435, I=1.790192065757, O=41.105878814095, W=72.002915021005, M=32.137553603537, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=16-FEB-2017:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 23.5 +/- 1.0 Secondary 23.9 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 5 TARGET NAME: 2005EO304 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 2.0" sep, 0.0" uncer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=45.990990009298, E=0.074376005285, I=3.413612387331, O=93.949850306376, W=146.341043381081, M=330.222153662787, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=15-APR-2017:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 22.8 +/- 1.0 Secondary 24.3 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 6 TARGET NAME: 2006JZ81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID 0.7" sep, 0.1" uncer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=45.051778752672, E=0.087527214089, I=3.541593651310, O=36.363613867534, W=182.251804331559, M=9.255024848797, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=10-MAY-2017:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 23.2 +/- 1.0 Secondary 24.1 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 5] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE-3PT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.135 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 46.84 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 6] Visit: 01 (2003UN284) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 19-NOV-2016 AND 17-DEC-2016 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2003UN284 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1K F350LP 2 300 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 1C-SUB see below PATTERN 1 1 (2232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2003UN284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2003UN284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2003UN284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2003UN284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2003UN284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2003UN284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 7] Visit: 02 (2006BR284) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 18-JAN-2017 AND 01-MAR-2017 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2006BR284 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1K F350LP 2 300 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 1C-SUB see below PATTERN 1 1 (2232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006BR284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006BR284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006BR284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006BR284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006BR284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006BR284 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (2006CH69) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 26-JAN-2017 AND 09-MAR-2017 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2006CH69 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1K F350LP 2 300 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 1C-SUB see below PATTERN 1 1 (2232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006CH69 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006CH69 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006CH69 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006CH69 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006CH69 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006CH69 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 9] Visit: 04 (2005EO304) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 26-MAR-2017 AND 21-MAY-2017 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2005EO304 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1K F350LP 2 300 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 1C-SUB see below PATTERN 1 1 (2232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2005EO304 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2005EO304 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2005EO304 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2005EO304 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2005EO304 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2005EO304 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 10] Visit: 05 (2006JZ81) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 19-APR-2017 AND 31-MAY-2017 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2006JZ81 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1K F350LP 2 300 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 1C-SUB see below PATTERN 1 1 (2232 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2006JZ81 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006JZ81 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 1 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006JZ81 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006JZ81 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 2 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006JZ81 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 1 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 2006JZ81 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-M1 F350LP 3 none 2 none 1 372.0 S S K1C-SUB 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 11] Visit: 06 (2001QW322) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 28-JUL-2017 AND 20-SEP-2017 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2001QW322 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F350LP 1 430 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S see below PATTERN 2 1 (2216 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001QW322 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F350LP 1 none none none 1 554.0 S S 2001QW322 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F350LP 2 none none none 1 554.0 S S 2001QW322 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F350LP 3 none none none 1 554.0 S S 2001QW322 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F350LP 4 none none none 1 554.0 S S 14616( 5) - 04-Nov-2016 17:55:49 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 14616 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS2, UVIS2-M1K1C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 18-JAN-2017 AND 01-MAR-2017, BETWEEN 19-APR-2017 AND 31-MAY-2017, BETWEEN 19-NOV-2016 AND 17-DEC-2016, BETWEEN 26-JAN-2017 AND 09-MAR-2017, BETWEEN 26-MAR-2017 AND 21-MAY-2017, BETWEEN 28-JUL-2017 AND 20-SEP-2017, GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 2 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F350LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 2001QW322, 2003UN284, 2005EO304, 2006BR284, 2006CH69, 2006JZ81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------