14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14623 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title A Novel Measurement of Turbulence and Bulk Flows in the Hot Halo of M87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Mike Anderson Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik Y CoI: Dr. Rashid Sunyaev Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Decades of observational and theoretical effort have focused on understanding the velocity structure of the hot gaseous halos (T > 10^7 K) suffusing galaxy clusters, groups, and massive ellipticals. The turbulence and bulk flows in these media transport energy, mass, and metals from the nucleus into the diffuse halo, and they provide important non-thermal pressure support which is crucial to understand for accurate hydrostatic mass modeling. The Hitomi X-ray mission was intended to measure these motions in massive clusters, but it was only able to observe one system, and its calorimeter does not have sufficient resolution for lower-mass systems like the Virgo Cluster. As an alternative, we have identified a forbidden ground-state transition in highly ionized Iron -- [Fe XXI] at 1354.08 A -- which traces plasma in a narrow range around 10^7 K (1 keV). With the sensitivity and spectral resolution of COS, this line can be used to measure the velocity structure of the hot halo gas directly. In a recent paper, we examined archival COS G140L spectra of an FUV-bright filament system projected 1.9 kpc from the center of M87 and found tentative (2-5 sigma) evidence of [Fe XXI] emission. This region also has deep X-ray observations which confirm the presence of 1 keV plasma, and the expected [Fe XXI] signal from the X-ray observations is consistent with our FUV measurement. Here we propose follow-up observations using the G130M grating in order to confirm this detection and to measure the velocity structure of the line with 50 km/s precision. Observing this unique line will allow us to measure directly the turbulence and bulk flows in the hot ambient medium of M87. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will use the same observing procedure as the COS observations in proposals 12271 and 13439, namely taking an NUV ACQ/IMAGE of the nucleus of M87 (called M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET here and in those proposals) and then using that image to point towards the filament (which is about 20" away from the nucleus and called M87-FILAMENT). It is important to make sure to use the nucleus of M87 for target acquisition and not the knots in the jet which are located ~0.85 arcsec to the NW. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M87-FILAMENT EXT-MEDIUM, CORONAL RA=12H30M50.9900S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 16.7 +/- 0.5 GAS, FILAMENT, HOT GAS, DEC=+12D23'25.50" +/- 0.1" ICM Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M87-FILAMENT GALAXY, NUCLEUS, RADIO RA=12H30M49.4230S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 16 -OFFSET GALAXY DEC=+12D23'28.04" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: this is the nucleus of M87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 3] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M87-FILAMEN COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 100 S (100 T-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=1 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 280 S (280 T G FP-POS=2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1695 S T G FP-POS=2 (1695 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1100 S T G FP-POS=3 (1100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 865 S (865 T G FP-POS=3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=4 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE M87-FILAMENT 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 4] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M87-FILAMEN COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 100 S (100 T-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=1 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 280 S (280 T G FP-POS=2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1695 S T G FP-POS=2 (1695 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1100 S T G FP-POS=3 (1100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 865 S (865 T G FP-POS=3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=4 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE M87-FILAMENT 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 5] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M87-FILAMEN COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 100 S (100 T-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=1 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 280 S (280 T G FP-POS=2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1695 S T G FP-POS=2 (1695 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1100 S T G FP-POS=3 (1100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 865 S (865 T G FP-POS=3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=4 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE M87-FILAMENT 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 6] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M87-FILAMEN COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 100 S (100 T-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=1 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 280 S (280 T G FP-POS=2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1695 S T G FP-POS=2 (1695 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1100 S T G FP-POS=3 (1100 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 865 S (865 T G FP-POS=3 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1950 S T G FP-POS=4 (1950 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE M87-FILAMENT 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 3 N/A G 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 7] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M87-FILAMEN COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 100 S (100 T-OFFSET GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1121 S T G FP-POS=1 (1121 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1121 S T G FP-POS=2 (1121 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1404 S T G FP-POS=3 (1404 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 M87-FILAMEN COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, 1 1404 S T G FP-POS=4 (1404 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE M87-FILAMENT 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 1 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G M87-FILAMENT 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1318 none none none none 2 N/A G 14623( 3) - 20-Oct-2016 12:17:14 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 14623 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=5000, FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, FP-POS=2, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, MIRRORB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names M87-FILAMENT, M87-FILAMENT-OFFSET ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------