14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14625 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Connecting the lower and upper atmospheres of a warm-Neptune. Implications for planetary evolution. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Gilda E. Ballester University of Arizona Y CoI: Dr. Lotfi Ben Jaffel CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N CoI: Dr. Antonio Garcia Munoz Technische Universitat Berlin N CoI: Dr. Panayotis Lavvas Universite Reims Champagne Ardenne N CoI: Dr. Tiffany Kataria Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Dr. Ofer Cohen Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Dr. Jorge Sanz-Forcada Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC/INTA) Inst. N Nac. de Tec. Aero. CoI: Dr. Gregory W. Henry Tennessee State University N CoI: Prof. David Kent Sing University of Exeter N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The FUV transit technique specific to HST is unique at characterizing the upper atmospheres of exoplanets. Indeed, the uppermost layers of a planet orbiting close to an EUV-bright star undergo great heating, inflation and mass escape. FUV transit observations of the warm-Neptune GJ 436b have revealed an immense H I cloud with an escaping cometary tail, evidencing substantial mass loss that can significantly affect the atmospheric composition and evolution of the planet. As known to take place on hot Jupiters, the outflow of the light hydrogen-dominated escaping material can drag along heavier species. All three key atoms of H I, O I, and C II that reside in the uppermost layers have strong resonant FUV lines. Here we propose FUV transit observations of the warm-Neptune HAT-P-11b, which is the only low-mass exoplanet to have positively revealed water absorption in a relatively clear lower atmosphere, thus showing that oxygen is available in measurable amounts in its bulk atmosphere. One transit will be made with STIS/G140M and another with COS/G130M, which will measure the spatial extent as well as global velocity/energy properties in all three H I, O I, and C II atoms. With such data we can study the processes involved in the escape and space physics environment. Together with comprehensive, iterative modeling of the lower and upper atmospheres, and of the magnetosphere expected for these planets, we can gain insight into the composition and escape in the uppermost planetary regions, and into how they relate to the lower atmosphere and thus the planetary properties. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will observe two transits of HAT-P-11b, 5 HST orbits each: one with COS/G130M (1291) to sample O I and C II lines, and the other with STIS/G140M (1222) for H I Ly-alpha. For both instruments, a single time-tagged exposure will be taken during each orbit. Both visits should start with the planet around orbital phase 0.961-0.964 to observe before, during and after nominal 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 2] transit. If possible, the COS visit should be the one scheduled the closest possible to opposition (near SHADOW) for minimum geocoronal O I 1304 A. COS: COS/G130M (1291) must be used with a single FP-POS (and single CENWAVE) over the full visit. The need was stated in the Phase 1 proposal to obtain consistent zero wavelengths and line shapes of the planetary line absorption profiles. The stellar lines will not be bright enough to adequately correlate and co-add spectra of different FP-POSs (as found for archival HD 209458 COS spectra with multiple FP-POSs; Ballester & Ben-Jaffel, ApJ 2015). Single FP-POSs per visit of 2, 3, and 4 were used in our Cycle 23 GO 14090 program on HD 209458b. Here we chose FP-POS=1 to compensate for the detector health between programs (Cycle 24 COS IHB, Sec. 5.8), but the value can be changed. STIS: WAVECAL=NO was approved and we will execute a WAVE calibration exposure after each orbit's visibility. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BD+47-2936 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=19H50M50.2477S +/- 0.00730", J2000 V = 9.59 PLANETARY SYSTEM, K DEC=+48D04'51.09" +/- 0.00704" III-I Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. 4780 K2V-K4V star. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.012693068198223401 0.23123 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 4] Visit: 01 (COS/G130M visit) Visit Requirements: Period 4.887804 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454605.89132 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BD+47-2936 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 SCAN-SIZE=2, STEP-SIZE=1.767, 1 10 S (10 PHASE 0.961 TO 0.964; RCH CENTER=DEF S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 BD+47-2936 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 STRIPE=MEDIUM 1 10 S (10 KXD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 BD+47-2936 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 NUM-POS=5, STEP-SIZE=0.9, 1 10 S (10 KD CENTER=FLUX-WT-FLR S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 BD+47-2936 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2610 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (2297 S) Comments: The ETC was run with a COS/G130M spectrum of HD 189733, which of similar type and activity level, and closer in at 19 vs 37 pc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 BD+47-2936 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 3030 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (3066 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 BD+47-2936 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 3030 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (3066 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 BD+47-2936 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1000, 1 3030 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (3066 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 BD+47-2936 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1000, 1 3030 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (3066 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ BD+47-2936 1 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A RCH BD+47-2936 2 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KXD 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ BD+47-2936 3 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KD BD+47-2936 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 2297.0 S G BD+47-2936 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 3066.0 S G BD+47-2936 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 3066.0 S G BD+47-2936 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 4 3066.0 S G BD+47-2936 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 5 3066.0 S G 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (STIS/G140M visit) Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; Period 4.887804 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454605.89132 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BD+47-2936 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 PHASE 0.961 TO 0.964; S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT Comments: Saturation is calculated at 0.19 seconds. Minimum exposure time (0.1 seconds) used here, target has Vmag=9.47, which is within limiting magintude of 8.4 with F28X50LP (Table 8.3 STIS handbook). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 BD+47-2936 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 BD+47-2936 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 1900 S -MAMA G (1900 S) Comments: ETC for STIS/G140M spectrum of FUV-brighter star HD-189733. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 BD+47-2936 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 BD+47-2936 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S -MAMA G see below (2178 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 BD+47-2936 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 BD+47-2936 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S -MAMA G see below (2178 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 BD+47-2936 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 7] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 BD+47-2936 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S -MAMA G see below (2178 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 BD+47-2936 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 SEQ 14-16 NON-INT K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 BD+47-2936 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S -MAMA G see below (2178 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ BD+47-2936 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A BD+47-2936 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K 1 BD+47-2936 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G 1 WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA BD+47-2936 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 2 N/A K 1 BD+47-2936 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 2 2178.0 S -MAMA G 1 WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA BD+47-2936 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 3 N/A K 1 BD+47-2936 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 3 2178.0 S -MAMA G 1 WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA BD+47-2936 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 4 N/A K 1 BD+47-2936 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 4 2178.0 S -MAMA G 1 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA BD+47-2936 14 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 5 N/A K 1 BD+47-2936 15 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 5 2178.0 S -MAMA G 1 WAVE 16 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 14625( 5) - 26-Oct-2016 20:25:20 - [ 9] Summary Form for Proposal 14625 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.05, 52X0.05D1, F28X50LP, PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV, STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, ACQ/PEAKD, ACQ/PEAKXD, ACQ/SEARCH, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1000, BUFFER-TIME=1500, CENTER=DEF, CENTER=FLUX-WT-FLR, FP-POS=1, NUM-POS=5, SCAN-SIZE=2, SEGMENT=BOTH, STEP-SIZE=0.9, STEP-SIZE=1.767, STRIPE=MEDIUM, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.961 TO 0.964, Period 4.887804 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454605.89132, SCHED 100%, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-13 NON-INT, SEQ 14-16 NON-INT, SEQ 5-7 NON-INT, SEQ 8-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, G140M, G230L, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names BD+47-2936, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------