14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14774 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Dynamical Masses for Free-Floating Planetary-Mass Binaries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Trent J. Dupuy University of Texas at Austin Y CoI: Dr. Michael C. Liu University of Hawaii N CoI: Dr. Sandy K. Leggett Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations N CoI: Dr. Isabelle Baraffe University of Exeter N CoI: Mr. Eugenio Victor Garcia Vanderbilt University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We propose a 3-year orbit monitoring program to measure the first dynamical masses in the planetary-mass regime (5-15 Mjup) for free-floating objects, including the first known Y dwarf binary. With projected separations of only 0.7-1.4 AU, our targets are among the tightest substellar visual binaries ever found and are amenable to orbit determinations within only a few years. When combined with our parallax determination, these data will yield dynamical masses with <10% uncertainties. Two of our targets are late-T/Y dwarf field binaries (ages ~ 1-5 Gyr) and will provide the first empirical calibration in the poorly understood temperature regime of ~350-500 K, relevant both to free-floating objects and radial-velocity exoplanets. Such extreme conditions are the frontier of current theory, e.g. model uncertainties in non-equilibrium chemistry, metallicity, and clouds yield mass estimates that currently span an order of magnitude. Our third target is a young field L dwarf (age ~ 10-100 Myr), one of the rare field objects that that serve as analogs for young directly imaged exoplanets. Our dynamical mass combined with evolutionary models will yield the first precise age and temperature estimates for such an object, thereby testing our ability to derive physical parameters from current models. Our targets have been discovered at the limits of existing facilities and thus promise to be the only viable objects in the planetary-mass regime for direct mass measurements until next-generation facilities like JWST come online. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The goal of our observations is to obtain precise relative astrometry (~3--5 mas) for three free-floating, planetary-mass binaries. Our data spanning 3 cycles will allow us to determine their orbits and thereby measure their dynamical masses. ACS/WFC enables a finer pixel scale than WFC3/IR and better sensitivity than WFC3/UVIS, both of which (high SNR, and better deblending of our tight <~0.1" binaries) are key to achieving our science goals. We use a standard 3-position dither sequence to guard against cosmic rays and to sample different parts of the detector in case our target lands on a bad pixel in a single pointing. We set the exposure times to fill the time available in each visit, which will yield SNR of ~30--40 for our two fainter 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 2] WISE sources and will not saturate the brighter 2MASS source. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSWJ01033 STAR, BROWN DWARF, L RA=01H03M32.3559S, J2000 J=16.3 mag 20+193536 DEC=+19D35'36.23" Reference Frame: ICRS Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2012.57 0.02137078504725419 0.02 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 WISEJ014656. STAR, BROWN DWARF, T RA=01H46M56.6400S, J2000 J=20.7 mag 66+423410.0 DEC=+42D34'9.05" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WISEPJ234446 STAR, BROWN DWARF, T RA=23H44M46.5300S, J2000 J=18.8 mag .25+103415.8 DEC=+10D34'15.20" Reference Frame: ICRS Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2014.80 0.058323153942113654 -0.01 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 3.011 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.28 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 3.034 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.29 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 5] Visit: 01 (2MASS0103+1935_EP01) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 01-NOV-2016:00:00:00 AND 15-NOV-2016:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSWJ0103 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 337 S PATTERN 1 1 320+193536 (1011 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSWJ0103 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F850LP FLASH=6 1 478 S (956 PATTERN 2 2 320+193536 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 2 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 3 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F850LP 1 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F850LP 2 none none none 1 N/A 36 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (2MASS0103+1935_EP02) Visit Requirements: AFTER 01-JUL-2017:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSWJ0103 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 337 S PATTERN 1 1 320+193536 (1011 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSWJ0103 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F850LP FLASH=6 1 478 S (956 PATTERN 2 2 320+193536 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 2 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 3 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F850LP 1 none none none 1 N/A 36 2MASSWJ0103320+1935 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F850LP 2 none none none 1 N/A 36 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 7] Visit: 03 (WISE0146+4234_EP01) Visit Requirements: BEFORE 01-MAR-2017:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 WISEJ014656 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 878 S PATTERN 1 1 .66+423410. see below 0 (2430 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WISEJ014656.66+4234 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 none none none 1 810.0 S 10.0 WISEJ014656.66+4234 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 2 none none none 1 810.0 S 10.0 WISEJ014656.66+4234 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 3 none none none 1 810.0 S 10.0 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 8] Visit: 04 (WISE0146+4234_EP02) Visit Requirements: AFTER 01-JUL-2017:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 WISEJ014656 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 878 S PATTERN 1 1 .66+423410. see below 0 (2430 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WISEJ014656.66+4234 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 none none none 1 810.0 S 10.0 WISEJ014656.66+4234 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 2 none none none 1 810.0 S 10.0 WISEJ014656.66+4234 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 3 none none none 1 810.0 S 10.0 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 9] Visit: 05 (WISE2344+1034_EP01) Visit Requirements: BEFORE 01-FEB-2017:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 WISEPJ23444 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 848 S PATTERN 1 1 6.25+103415 see below .8 (2340 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WISEPJ234446.25+103 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 none none none 1 780.0 S 415.8 WISEPJ234446.25+103 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 2 none none none 1 780.0 S 415.8 WISEPJ234446.25+103 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 3 none none none 1 780.0 S 415.8 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 10] Visit: 06 (WISE2344+1034_EP02) Visit Requirements: AFTER 01-MAY-2017:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 WISEPJ23444 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 848 S PATTERN 1 1 6.25+103415 see below .8 (2340 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WISEPJ234446.25+103 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 1 none none none 1 780.0 S 415.8 WISEPJ234446.25+103 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 2 none none none 1 780.0 S 415.8 WISEPJ234446.25+103 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1-CTE F850LP 3 none none none 1 780.0 S 415.8 14774( 4) - 30-Sep-2016 18:38:04 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 14774 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures WFC, WFC1-CTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 01-JUL-2017:00:00:00, AFTER 01-MAY-2017:00:00:00, BEFORE 01-FEB-2017:00:00:00, BEFORE 01-MAR-2017:00:00:00, BETWEEN 01-NOV-2016:00:00:00 AND 15-NOV-2016:00:00:00, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 2 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F850LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 2MASSWJ0103320+193536, WISEJ014656.66+423410.0, WISEPJ234446.25+103415.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------