14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 14900 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 STScI Edit Number: 2 Title Confirming the Presence of an Hydrogen Exosphere around the Earth-sized Temperate Planet TRAPPIST-1c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO/DD 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Julien de Wit Massachusetts Institute of Technology Y CoI: Dr. Emeline Bolmont Universite de Namur N CoI: Dr. Vincent Bourrier Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Laetitia Delrez Universite de Liege N CoI: Prof. Brice-Olivier Demory University of Bern N CoI: Dr. David Ehrenreich Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Dr. Michael Gillon Universite de Liege N CoI: Dr. Emmanuel Jehin Universite de Liege N CoI: Dr. Jeremy Leconte Universite de Bordeaux N CoI: Prof. Susan Lederer NASA Johnson Space Center N CoI: Dr. Nikole K Lewis Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Sean Raymond Universite de Bordeaux N CoI: Dr. Franck Selsis Universite de Bordeaux N CoI: Dr. Vlada Stamenkovic California Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Amaury Triaud University of Cambridge N CoI: Dr. Hannah Ruth Wakeford NASA Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Prof. Adam J. Burgasser University of California - San Diego N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We have recently completed reconnaissance studies of the TRAPPIST-1 system with the Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescopes. Owing to a 20-d long follow-up with Spitzer, we have now constrained the system architecture up to the ice line. Thanks to 4 non-consecutive HST/STIS orbits, we have determined the potential for further studies of the system in the UV--notably to search for hydrogen exospheres--and characterized the UV environment of TRAPPIST-1's planets, which is an essential contributing factor to their potential habitability. These reconnaissance studies with the synergetic Great Observatories emphasize the system uniqueness for Earth-sized comparative planetology and for the search for extrasolar habitats. We request here 5 consecutive HST/STIS orbits to build upon our UV exploratory program and confirm the presence of an extended exosphere exosphere around TRAPPIST-1~c. These observations will inform us on its volatile reservoir while complementing the insights gained with HST/WFC3 (GOs 14500 and 14873). Our request for immediate HST/STIS followup will fulfill the urgent need to inform the community about TRAPPIST-1 planets in order to guide their follow-up, notably in the context of the upcoming JWST Cycle 1 proposal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We propose to observe the transits of TRAPPIST-1's planets with WFC3 on Dec.4, Dec. 29, and Jan. 10 to obtain their tansmission spectra and assess the 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 2] presence of extended atmospheres. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-J23062 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=23H06M30.3400S +/- 0.13", J2000 V = V = 18.798 +/- 0.082 V=18.80+-0.08, 928-0502285- PLANETARY SYSTEM DEC=-05D02'36.44" +/- 0.13" -51.688 R=16.47+-0.07, I=14.0+-0.1, COPY J=11.35+-0.02, K=10.30+-0.02 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: We measured the J2000 equatorial coordinates of TRAPPIST-1 in the 2015 TRAPPIST images, using 29 stars from the UCAC2 catalog and the Pulkovo Observatory Izmccd astrometric software (we use the mean epoch of these observations secured between September and December 2015). We adopt uncertainties on RA and Dec as those for 2MASS for this object. We checked that the input coordinates and those given in SIMBAD at Epoch 2000 yield the same position in the APT target confirmation chart at Epoch 1991.68. We also checked independently that these coordinates and proper motion match with the position of the star in POSS image (1953) and 2MASS image (1998). Radial velocity comes from Barnes et al. 2014 Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.86 0.06171226415390873 -0.4719 0.08258 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 25-DEC-2016:03:00:00 AND 25-DEC-2016:11:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT 2928-050228 5-COPY Comments: We use the F28X50LP filter for this ACQ image, as recommended for this star with V magnitude of 18.8. It also ensures the brightness is weighted most strongly toward red wavelengths, where the target star is brightest. We estimated the exposure time for several stellar models close to the target star (STIS.ta.781640, STIS.ta.781641, STIS.ta.781643). Exposure times to reach a SNR of 40 range from 1.5 to 3.6s, and minimum saturation time is 290s. We thus choose an exposure time of 5s. We used Aladin to check that the closest star is at a distance of more than 220 arcsec. There is thus no chance that STIS acquires another object in the 5x5 arcsec search area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 10 S (10 2928-050228 K S) 5-COPY Comments: The ETC lists a time to saturation through the 52X0.05 slit of 1086s (for a black body model with the same temperature as the star). With our 10s exposure, we should reach 5600 source electrons, above the 5000 required for peak-up with the mirror element. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-J2306 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1945 S 2928-050228 -MAMA G (1945 S) 5-COPY Comments: Following the same observational strategy as GO14493 for this target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 5] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) SEQ 5-8 NON-INT 2928-050228 5-COPY Comments: We use the F28X50LP filter for this ACQ image, as recommended for this star with V magnitude of 18.8. It also ensures the brightness is weighted most strongly toward red wavelengths, where the target star is brightest. We estimated the exposure time for several stellar models close to the target star (STIS.ta.781640, STIS.ta.781641, STIS.ta.781643). Exposure times to reach a SNR of 40 range from 1.5 to 3.6s, and minimum saturation time is 290s. We thus choose an exposure time of 5s. We used Aladin to check that the closest star is at a distance of more than 220 arcsec. There is thus no chance that STIS acquires another object in the 5x5 arcsec search area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 10 S (10 2928-050228 K S) 5-COPY Comments: The ETC lists a time to saturation through the 52X0.05 slit of 1086s (for a black body model with the same temperature as the star). With our 10s exposure, we should reach 5600 source electrons, above the 5000 required for peak-up with the mirror element. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 2MASS-J2306 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1888 S 2928-050228 -MAMA G (1888 S) 5-COPY Comments: Following the same observational strategy as GO14493 for this target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 6] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) SEQ 9-12 NON-INT 2928-050228 5-COPY Comments: We use the F28X50LP filter for this ACQ image, as recommended for this star with V magnitude of 18.8. It also ensures the brightness is weighted most strongly toward red wavelengths, where the target star is brightest. We estimated the exposure time for several stellar models close to the target star (STIS.ta.781640, STIS.ta.781641, STIS.ta.781643). Exposure times to reach a SNR of 40 range from 1.5 to 3.6s, and minimum saturation time is 290s. We thus choose an exposure time of 5s. We used Aladin to check that the closest star is at a distance of more than 220 arcsec. There is thus no chance that STIS acquires another object in the 5x5 arcsec search area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 10 S (10 2928-050228 K S) 5-COPY Comments: The ETC lists a time to saturation through the 52X0.05 slit of 1086s (for a black body model with the same temperature as the star). With our 10s exposure, we should reach 5600 source electrons, above the 5000 required for peak-up with the mirror element. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 2MASS-J2306 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1888 S 2928-050228 -MAMA G (1888 S) 5-COPY Comments: Following the same observational strategy as GO14493 for this target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 7] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) SEQ 13-16 NON-INT 2928-050228 5-COPY Comments: We use the F28X50LP filter for this ACQ image, as recommended for this star with V magnitude of 18.8. It also ensures the brightness is weighted most strongly toward red wavelengths, where the target star is brightest. We estimated the exposure time for several stellar models close to the target star (STIS.ta.781640, STIS.ta.781641, STIS.ta.781643). Exposure times to reach a SNR of 40 range from 1.5 to 3.6s, and minimum saturation time is 290s. We thus choose an exposure time of 5s. We used Aladin to check that the closest star is at a distance of more than 220 arcsec. There is thus no chance that STIS acquires another object in the 5x5 arcsec search area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 10 S (10 2928-050228 K S) 5-COPY Comments: The ETC lists a time to saturation through the 52X0.05 slit of 1086s (for a black body model with the same temperature as the star). With our 10s exposure, we should reach 5600 source electrons, above the 5000 required for peak-up with the mirror element. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 2MASS-J2306 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1888 S 2928-050228 -MAMA G (1888 S) 5-COPY Comments: Following the same observational strategy as GO14493 for this target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 8] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) SEQ 17-20 NON-INT 2928-050228 5-COPY Comments: We use the F28X50LP filter for this ACQ image, as recommended for this star with V magnitude of 18.8. It also ensures the brightness is weighted most strongly toward red wavelengths, where the target star is brightest. We estimated the exposure time for several stellar models close to the target star (STIS.ta.781640, STIS.ta.781641, STIS.ta.781643). Exposure times to reach a SNR of 40 range from 1.5 to 3.6s, and minimum saturation time is 290s. We thus choose an exposure time of 5s. We used Aladin to check that the closest star is at a distance of more than 220 arcsec. There is thus no chance that STIS acquires another object in the 5x5 arcsec search area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 2MASS-J2306 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 10 S (10 2928-050228 K S) 5-COPY Comments: The ETC lists a time to saturation through the 52X0.05 slit of 1086s (for a black body model with the same temperature as the star). With our 10s exposure, we should reach 5600 source electrons, above the 5000 required for peak-up with the mirror element. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 2MASS-J2306 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1888 S 2928-050228 -MAMA G (1888 S) 5-COPY Comments: Following the same observational strategy as GO14493 for this target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J23062928-050 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 2285-COPY 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J23062928-050 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 2285-COPY K 1 2MASS-J23062928-050 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A 2285-COPY -MAMA G 1 WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 2MASS-J23062928-050 5 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 2 N/A 2285-COPY 2MASS-J23062928-050 6 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 2 N/A 2285-COPY K 1 2MASS-J23062928-050 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A 2285-COPY -MAMA G 1 WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA 2MASS-J23062928-050 9 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 3 N/A 2285-COPY 2MASS-J23062928-050 10 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 3 N/A 2285-COPY K 1 2MASS-J23062928-050 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A 2285-COPY -MAMA G 1 WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA 2MASS-J23062928-050 13 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 4 N/A 2285-COPY 2MASS-J23062928-050 14 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 4 N/A 2285-COPY K 1 2MASS-J23062928-050 15 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A 2285-COPY -MAMA G 1 WAVE 16 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 2MASS-J23062928-050 17 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 5 N/A 2285-COPY 2MASS-J23062928-050 18 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 5 N/A 2285-COPY K 1 2MASS-J23062928-050 19 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05D G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A 2285-COPY -MAMA G 1 WAVE 20 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 14900( 4) - 13-Dec-2016 15:34:42 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 14900 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.05, 52X0.05D1, F28X50LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 25-DEC-2016:03:00:00 AND 25-DEC-2016:11:00:00, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 13-16 NON-INT, SEQ 17-20 NON-INT, SEQ 5-8 NON-INT, SEQ 9-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 2MASS-J23062928-0502285-COPY, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------