15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 15430 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Atmopsheric Escape from the Closest Super-Earth at High Spectral Resolution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Mr. Baptiste Lavie Observatoire de Geneve Y CoI: Prof. David Charbonneau Harvard University N CoI: Prof. David Ehrenreich Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Dr. Vincent Bourrier Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Dr. Mercedes Lopez-Morales Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Dr. Lars Buchhave University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr N Institute CoI: Dr. Christophe Lovis Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Fatemeh Motalebi Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Prof. Francesco Pepe Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Dr. Dimitar D. Sasselov Harvard University N CoI: Laura Schaefer Harvard University N CoI: Dr. Alessandro Sozzetti Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino N CoI: Prof. Stephane Udry Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Dr. Alain Lecavelier des Etangs CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The super-Earth HD 219134b has the brightest (V=5.6) and closest (6.5 pc) known host star of any transiting exoplanet. The planet density is compatible with a rocky composition containing a large amount of volatile species (i.e., H2O). Under high stellar irradiation, the planet is likely losing a fraction of its atmosphere and water photodissociation could give rise to an extended cloud of hydrogen. For larger planets, this cloud can be detected as a blueshifted absorption in the stellar H I Lyman-alpha line. So far, no spectral signature of an atmosphere (escaping or not) has been convincingly detected on a super-Earth. Our recent STIS/FUV observation revealed a *redshifted* H I Lya transit signature of 8.2+/-1.9%. While scenarios with a redshifted atmospheric signature exist, the mandatory first step is to rule out stellar variability that could have mimicked a transit signature. This is straightfoward to do with new transit observations. Confirming this H detection is primordial, as it will be a smoking gun for the presence of water vapor in the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, we have established HD 219134 as the brightest Lyman-alpha source among all measured transiting exoplanet host stars, making it possible to use the high-resolution (R=114, 000) echelle grating E140H for transit observation. We obtained a first E140H spectrum of the star, revealing strong emission lines of O I and C II in addition to H I Lyman-alpha. This enables the simultaneous search for hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon in the upper extended atmosphere of the planet. Finding these elements escaping from a super-Earth will bring exciting constraints on the nature of the elusive lower atmosphere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 2] ------------------------ We are going to observe the UV transit of the brightest (V=5.6) and closest (6 pc) known transiting planet, which is a super-Earth. The star is a K2 dwarf. We are observing with the E140H echelle grating two transits of the planet HD219134b with two HST visits of 4 HST orbits each. Observations of this target were already done with the same settings (E140H echelle grating) during cycle 23 (Proposal id 14461). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-219134 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=23H13M16.9763S +/- 0.00290", J2000 V = 5.57 +/- 0.009 U=7.460, B=6.560 PLANETARY SYSTEM, K DEC=+57D10'6.08" +/- 0.0022" V-IV Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.25515501536484153 0.29545 0.15276 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; Period 3.092926 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2457463.82884 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 3 S (3 S) PHASE 0.971 TO 0.979; I SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1792 S -MAMA G see below (1785 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 2147 S -MAMA G see below (2136 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 5] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 2147 S -MAMA G see below (2136 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 2147 S -MAMA G see below (2136 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-219134 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-219134 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K HD-219134 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 1 1785.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-219134 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K HD-219134 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 2 2136.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-219134 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K HD-219134 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 3 2136.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-219134 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K HD-219134 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 4 2136.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; Period 3.092926 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2457463.82884 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 3 S (3 S) PHASE 0.971 TO 0.979; I SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1792 S -MAMA G see below (1785 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 2147 S -MAMA G see below (2136 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 8] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 2147 S -MAMA G see below (2136 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-219134 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 1 S (1 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 HD-219134 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 2147 S -MAMA G see below (2136 S) Comments: Using previous spectrum obtained with proposal 14461, the count rate for the entire detector in 2127s is ~180 counts/s. The maximum buffer time should thus be 2x10^6 / 180 ~ 11, 000s. Because of other chromospheric emission in the range of the echelle grism, we consider a factor of 10x as a margin, so we keep on using our "classic" 900-s buffer time setting. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-219134 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-219134 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K HD-219134 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 1 1785.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-219134 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K HD-219134 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 2 2136.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-219134 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K HD-219134 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 3 2136.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-219134 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K HD-219134 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 4 2136.0 S -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140H 1271 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 15430( 2) - 05-Dec-2017 21:41:14 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 15430 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 0.2X0.2, 52X0.05, F28X50OIII ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.971 TO 0.979, Period 3.092926 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2457463.82884, SCHED 100%, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-13 NON-INT, SEQ 5-7 NON-INT, SEQ 8-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements E140H, G430L, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD-219134, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------