15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 15710 Version: 13 Check-in Time: 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 STScI Edit Number: 9 Title Simultaneous Lyman-alpha and He I 10830 angstrom observations of HD 189733 b ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO/DD 26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Paul Wilson Cauley University of Colorado at Boulder Y CoI: Dr. Vincent Bourrier Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Prof. Kevin France University of Colorado at Boulder N CoI: Dr. Laura Kreidberg Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Dr. Ruth A. Murray-Clay University of California - Santa Cruz N CoI: Dr. Antonija Oklopcic Harvard University N CoI: Dr. Evgenya L. Shkolnik Arizona State University N CoI: Dr. Seth Redfield Wesleyan University N CoI: Dr. Allison Youngblood University of Colorado at Boulder N CoI: John McCann University of California - Santa Barbara N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Planets with very short orbital periods, or hot planets, are subject to large amounts of stellar radiation which in turn can cause them to evaporate. For Neptune and super-Earth mass planets this mass loss process is important on evolutionary timescales, potentially stripping significant fractions of the atmosphere. To date, however, observations of hot planet evaporation are severely limited and models of the observed signatures are highly uncertain. The evaporated material in the exosphere is typically observed in the wings of the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line, which can only be captured with UV-capable instruments aboard HST, restricting the number of potential targets. Recently, the excited helium line at 10830 angstroms has been shown to be a reliable tracer of extended hot planet atmospheres and has been used to estimate mass loss from the observed targets. He I 10830 angstroms can be observed from the ground, greatly expanding the accessible target pool for studies of hot planet mass loss. In the 2019A observing semester, we were awarded a night to observe the transit of HD 189733 b at He I 10830 angstroms. We propose the first ever simultaneous observations of Lyman-alpha and He I 10830 angstroms around this prototypical hot Jupiter in order to place stronger constraints on its mass loss rate by forcing thermosphere and exosphere models of the simultaneous data to agree. This unique approach will illuminate shortcomings in both the He I and Lyman-alpha models, leading to better mass loss models for targets with only He I 10830 angstrom observations. This is critical due to the large number of He I 10830 transits that will be observed in the near future. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will use COS with the G130M grating (R~16, 000-21, 000) with a central wavelength setting of 1291 angstroms (Segment B = 1132-1274 angstroms, Segment A=1291-1433 angstroms) to observe the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line at 1216 angstroms with the goal of 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 2] detecting absorption in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b. We request 5 orbits bracketing the transit of HD 189733 b which begins at UT 10:15 on 07-25-2019. This is the only possible time for the observations as this is the same transit we will be observing from the ground using the spectrograph NIRSPEC on Keck II. Five orbits are necessary in order to adequately sample the out-of-transit stellar Lyman-alphaflux both pre- and post-transit: two orbits sample the transit while the other three occur pre- and post-transit. This mitigates the possibility of the baseline out-of-transit fluxes being contaminated by material that is leading or trailing the planet or stochastic changes in the line flux due to stellar activity. Although STIS has been the primary instrument for exoplanet Lyman-alpha observations, new work by Bourrier et al. (2018b) has shown that subtracting the COS airglow emission at Lyman-alpha can reliably produce spectra with higher signal-to-noise (SN) than STIS obser- vations. We have performed our own airglow analysis of recent HD 189733 COS observations (Program ID 14767) and found that the resulting Lyman-alpha line profiles are consistent with those obtained by STIS (see Figure 4). In fact, due to the greater efficiency of COS, we find that airglow-subtracted exposures from single orbits, or t=2700 seconds, with COS G130M have comparable SN to STIS spectra averaged across t=8600 seconds (4 orbits). Thus COS offers a significant SN advantage even accounting for the airglow subtraction. Our instrument setup will also allow us to analyze a suite of metal lines for absorption in HD 189733 b's atmosphere. This includes, for example, Si III at 1206 angstroms, N V at 1243 angstroms, O I near 1300 angstroms, and C I and O I near 1355 angstroms, some of which have previous marginal detections of in-transit variations (e.g., Bourrier et al. 2013, Ben-Jael & Ballester 2013). Follow-up variability analysis of these lines will be performed with our data set. The visibility of HD 189733 is ~50 minutes during a single HST orbit. We will observe HD 189733 for the entirety of each orbit with exposure times of 2700 seconds. The COS spectra shown in Figure 4 were observed with similar exposure times, resulting in a SN ~10-20 per dispersion element across the important regions of the Lyman-alpha 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 3] wings (gray shaded regions in the right panel of Figure 4). HD 189733 has been successfully observed with our setup and is within the brightness limits for the proposed exposure times. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-189733 STAR, K V-IV RA=20H00M43.7093S +/- 0.027", J2000 V = 7.648 DEC=+22D42'35.19" +/- 0.023" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 -2.3805594617473203E-4 -0.25022499999067804 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 245D TO 155 D; BETWEEN 25-JUL-2019:07:00:00 AND 25-JUL-2019:14:30:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 SCAN-SIZE=2 1 2 S (2 S) RCH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 1 86.00 S KXD (86 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 STEP-SIZE=.9, NUM-POS=5.0 1 2.0 S (2 KD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2018 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2018 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2700 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2700 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2700 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2700 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2700 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2700 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2700 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2700 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-189733 1 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A RCH HD-189733 2 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KXD HD-189733 3 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KD 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-189733 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-189733 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-189733 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-189733 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 4 N/A G HD-189733 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 5 N/A G 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 7] Visit: H1 (HOPR for failed visit Z1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This is a HOPR for failed Z1 Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 SCAN-SIZE=2 1 2 S (2 S) RCH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 1 86.00 S KXD (86 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 STEP-SIZE=.9, NUM-POS=5.0 1 2.0 S (2 KD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 1068 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1068 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2060 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2060 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2435 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2435 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2600 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2600 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2600 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2600 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-189733 1 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A RCH HD-189733 2 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KXD HD-189733 3 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KD 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-189733 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-189733 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-189733 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-189733 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 4 N/A G HD-189733 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 5 N/A G 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 9] Visit: Z1 (HOPR for failed visit 01) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 SCAN-SIZE=2 1 2 S (2 S) GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 RCH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 1 86.00 S KXD (86 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-189733 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 STEP-SIZE=.9, NUM-POS=5.0 1 2.0 S (2 KD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 1068 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (1068 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2060 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2060 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2435 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2435 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2600 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2600 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 HD-189733 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 BUFFER-TIME=1500, 1 2600 S G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, (2600 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-189733 1 COS/NUV ACQ/SEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A RCH HD-189733 2 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KXD HD-189733 3 COS/NUV ACQ/PEA PSA G230L 3000 none none none none 1 N/A KD 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 10] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-189733 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-189733 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 2 N/A G HD-189733 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 3 N/A G HD-189733 7 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 4 N/A G HD-189733 8 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1327 none none none none 5 N/A G 15710( 13) - 14-Aug-2020 19:41:30 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 15710 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/PEAKD, ACQ/PEAKXD, ACQ/SEARCH, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1500, FP-POS=3, LIFETIME-POS=LP3, NUM-POS=5.0, SCAN-SIZE=2, SEGMENT=BOTH, STEP-SIZE=.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 25-JUL-2019:07:00:00 AND 25-JUL-2019:14:30:00, GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3, ORIENT 245D TO 155 D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, G230L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD-189733 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------