15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 15896 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Escaping Ionizing Radiation in Compact Star-Forming Galaxies: Probing Higher-Mass Systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 27 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Samantha Wallis Brunker Indiana University System Y CoI: Dr. Aparna Venkatesan University of San Francisco N CoI: Dr. Danielle Berg The Ohio State University N CoI: Prof. John J. Salzer Indiana University System N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Understanding the mechanisms responsible for reionization in the early universe is one of the most important questions in modern extragalactic research. The commonly accepted theory is that star-forming galaxies are the main contributors to this ionizing radiation. However, the exact nature of these galaxies - high mass vs. low mass - is still being debated. Recently, a class of compact starbursting galaxies known as Green Peas have been shown to exhibit high Lyman-alpha and Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fractions. With the existence of a low-redshift population of LyC emitting galaxies confirmed, the research in this field must transition to carrying out comprehensive studies of the nature of LyC emitting galaxies. We propose to use COS to observe 5 compact star-forming galaxies selected from a complete, flux-limited sample that probes to higher galaxy masses than previous studies. This study will significantly expand the number of known LyC emitters and extend their study to include a more diverse range of galaxy properties. We will measure the Lyman-alpha line profiles and attempt to detect LyC emission from these sources. These observations will contribute to our understanding of the escape mechanisms of ionizing radiation in galaxies, as well as provide insight into the types of sources responsible for cosmic reionization. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Our targets have a compact/unresolved morphology in the SDSS images (Figure 3) meaning that the 2.5 diameter COS aperture will measure the totality of the galaxy's light so that global quantities can be derived. NUV acquisition images of the targets using excellent input coordinates from SDSS will be obtained with the standard MirrorA and the ACQ/IMAGE mode to reach a S/N~20 inside a 9x9 pixel box centered on the brightest part of the galaxy. The total time needed for acquisition depends on the NUV flux of the object and its compactness. The NUV fluxes for our targets were obtained from the GALEX database. Using the faintest GALEX NUV magnitude in our sample, 21.64 mag, our ETC run using the "Extended source that fills the aperture (1.25 arcsec radius)" setting returned an exposure time of 1200 s. According to Cardamone et al (2009), the angular radius of compact GP-like objects at a redshift of ~0.35 that contains 50% of the UV light is more like 0.3 arcsec. This implies that a much shorter integration time of 300 s will still yield an image with a high 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 2] S/N in excess of 20. As a bonus we will be able to study the morphology of our targets with these acquisition images. We plan to use COS in combination with two gratings: 1) the low-resolution G140L grating (770-1950 A) to measure the LyC. We adopt a flat spectral energy distribution and use the GALEX NUV magnitude in order to calculate the required number of orbits to probe the LyC escape fraction down to 2% with SNR ~2-3. 2) the medium-resolution G160M grating (1602-1772 A) to observe the Ly-alpha line. Again, we adopt a flat spectral energy distribution and use the GALEX NUV magnitude as well as inputting a model Ly-alpha emission line to calculate for each object the required exposure time to obtain a S/N >5. We check the later estimate by using our measured H-alpha line fluxes, and assume Case B recombination and a 5% Ly-alpha escape fraction to arrive at an alternate exposure time estimate. Since most of our sources exhibit negligible absorption based on their optical spectra (c_(Hbeta) ~0), we simply adopt Galactic extinction, which is ~0.05 mag for these galaxies, in the ETC calculations. The ETC shows our count rates are safe for the instrument for all of our targets. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KISSR-847 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=15H43M55.2400S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 21.245 NUV=22.08 +/- 0.25, DEC=+29D27'50.16" +/- 0.1" 0.35575 FUV=22.27, g=21.62, r=21.12, i=22.13 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object is compact. The coordinates were obtained from SDSS DR15. NUV and FUV magnitudes come from GALEX, and gri magnitudes come from SDSS DR15. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KISSR-1516 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=13H15M49.4300S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 19.353 NUV=19.67 +/- 0.03, DEC=+43D34'30.46" +/- 0.1" 0.32766 FUV=20.66, g=19.47, r=18.96, i=19.59 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object is compact. The coordinates were obtained from SDSS DR15. NUV and FUV magnitudes come from GALEX, and gri magnitudes come from SDSS DR15. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 KISSR-1759 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=14H20M38.1200S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 21.018 NUV=21.64 +/- 0.31, g=21.04, DEC=+43D43'33.13" +/- 0.1" 0.40504 r=20.98, i=20.25 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object is compact. The coordinates were obtained from SDSS DR15. NUV magnitude comes from GALEX, and gri magnitudes come from SDSS DR15. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 KISSR-2042 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=15H49M45.5900S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 20.754 NUV=21.14 +/- 0.08, DEC=+43D03'25.51" +/- 0.1" 0.35680 FUV=21.25, g=20.92, r=20.66, i=20.96 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object is compact. The coordinates were obtained from SDSS DR15. NUV and FUV magnitudes come from GALEX, and gri magnitudes come from SDSS DR15. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HADOT-144 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=09H00M13.4500S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 21.10 NUV=21.59 +/- 0.34, DEC=+04D59'0.95" +/- 0.1" 0.33643 FUV=21.91, g=21.31, r=20.50, i=21.61 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object is compact. The coordinates were obtained from SDSS DR15. NUV and FUV magnitudes come from GALEX, and gri magnitudes come from SDSS DR15. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KISSR-847 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 800 S (800 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KISSR-847 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 BUFFER-TIME=20000, FLASH=YES, 1 800 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=BOTH see below (3402 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 KISSR-847 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 BUFFER-TIME=10000, FLASH=YES, 1 1500 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A see below (8280 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KISSR-847 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE KISSR-847 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 1 1 813.0 S G KISSR-847 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 2 2 863.0 S G KISSR-847 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 3 2 863.0 S G KISSR-847 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 4 2 863.0 S G KISSR-847 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 1 3 1341.0 S G KISSR-847 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 2 3 1341.0 S G KISSR-847 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 3 4 2799.0 S G KISSR-847 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 4 5 2799.0 S G 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KISSR-1516 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 800 S (800 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KISSR-1516 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1577 BUFFER-TIME=20000, FLASH=YES, 1 800 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=BOTH see below (3554 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 KISSR-1516 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 BUFFER-TIME=10000, FLASH=YES, 1 1500 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A see below (8499 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KISSR-1516 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE KISSR-1516 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1577 none none none 1 1 892.0 S G KISSR-1516 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1577 none none none 2 2 887.0 S G KISSR-1516 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1577 none none none 3 2 887.0 S G KISSR-1516 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1577 none none none 4 2 888.0 S G KISSR-1516 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 1 3 1377.0 S G KISSR-1516 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 2 3 1378.0 S G KISSR-1516 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 3 4 2872.0 S G KISSR-1516 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 4 5 2872.0 S G 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KISSR-1759 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 800 S (800 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KISSR-1759 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 BUFFER-TIME=20000, FLASH=YES, 1 800 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=BOTH see below (3545 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 KISSR-1759 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 BUFFER-TIME=10000, FLASH=YES, 1 1500 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A see below (8499 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KISSR-1759 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE KISSR-1759 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 1 1 883.0 S G KISSR-1759 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 2 2 887.0 S G KISSR-1759 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 3 2 887.0 S G KISSR-1759 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 4 2 888.0 S G KISSR-1759 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 1 3 1377.0 S G KISSR-1759 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 2 3 1378.0 S G KISSR-1759 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 3 4 2872.0 S G KISSR-1759 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 4 5 2872.0 S G 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KISSR-2042 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 800 S (800 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KISSR-2042 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 BUFFER-TIME=20000, FLASH=YES, 1 800 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=BOTH see below (3548 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 KISSR-2042 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 BUFFER-TIME=10000, FLASH=YES, 1 1500 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A see below (8499 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KISSR-2042 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE KISSR-2042 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 1 1 886.0 S G KISSR-2042 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 2 2 887.0 S G KISSR-2042 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 3 2 887.0 S G KISSR-2042 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1600 none none none 4 2 888.0 S G KISSR-2042 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 1 3 1377.0 S G KISSR-2042 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 2 3 1378.0 S G KISSR-2042 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 3 4 2872.0 S G KISSR-2042 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 4 5 2872.0 S G 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HADOT-144 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 800 S (800 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HADOT-144 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 BUFFER-TIME=20000, FLASH=YES, 1 800 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=BOTH see below (3360 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HADOT-144 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 BUFFER-TIME=10000, FLASH=YES, 1 1500 S G FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A see below (8211 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HADOT-144 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE HADOT-144 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 1 1 794.0 S G HADOT-144 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 2 2 855.0 S G HADOT-144 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 3 2 855.0 S G HADOT-144 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1589 none none none 4 2 856.0 S G HADOT-144 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 1 3 1329.0 S G HADOT-144 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 2 3 1330.0 S G HADOT-144 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 3 4 2776.0 S G HADOT-144 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 800 none none none 4 5 2776.0 S G 15896( 2) - 22-Jul-2019 14:40:03 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 15896 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=10000, BUFFER-TIME=20000, FLASH=YES, FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=A, SEGMENT=BOTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140L, G160M, MIRRORA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HADOT-144, KISSR-1516, KISSR-1759, KISSR-2042, KISSR-847 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------