16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16487 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Testing the apparent steep decline in the chromospheric emission of very late M dwarfs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Peter J. Wheatley The University of Warwick Y CoI: Prof. Adam J. Burgasser University of California - San Diego N CoI: Dr. Jeffrey L. Linsky University of Colorado at Boulder N CoI: Dr. Allison Youngblood NASA Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Dr. Brian Erland Wood Naval Research Laboratory N CoI: Dr. George King University of Michigan N CoI: Dr. Vincent Bourrier University of Geneva, Department of N Astronomy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We recently published evidence for a steep decline in chromospheric ultraviolet emission compared with coronal X-ray emission for mid-to-late M dwarfs. Very late M dwarfs appear to be underluminous in the ultraviolet by two orders of magnitude. If confirmed, this chromospheric decline will have profound implications for the habitability of exoplanet systems similar to TRAPPIST-1. The chromospheric decline may also point to a change in stellar dynamo mechanism at the fully convective boundary. We propose XMM-Newton and HST observations of three very late M dwarfs in order to test that the chromospheric decline is a common feature of the class. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will observe the Lyman alpha emission from our three late M dwarf targets with STIS G140M 1222 CENWAVE. We will use the 0.2" D1 slit to minimize airglow and dark current while maximizing S/N and absolute flux calibration. The only detectable stellar emission expected with this grating setup is Lyman alpha and possibly N V and Si III, so those lines are all that has been included in our science ETCs. We would like our wavecal exposures to occur during eclipse to maximize on-target exposures for these faint stars. Our science case requires each HST visit be executed as close in time as possible with the corresponding XMM-Newton visit. Simultaneous observations are ideal, and within approximately 1 week of each other is acceptable. We have included here the XMM visibility windows for our three targets to aid in planning: (1) 2MASS J02530084+1652532 (Teegarden's star) Radial velocity = +63 km/s (Newton+14) 2021 Feb 4 to Feb 23 2021 July 19 to Aug 26 2022 Jan 17 to Feb 23 2022 July 24 to Aug 28 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 2] (2) 2MASSJ15345704-1418486 Radial velocity = -71 km/s (Burgasser+15) 2021 Feb 6 to March 3 2021 July 28 to Sept 6 2022 Jan 29 to March 4 2022 July 29 to Sept 6 (3) 2MASSJ03341218 (LEHPM 3396) Radial velocity = +71 km/s (Reiners+09) 2021 Feb 4 to March 7 2021 May 24 to Sept 9 2021 Nov 26 to 2022 March 7 2022 May 24 to Sept 9 We have not imposed time constraints on the visits to further minimize airglow to aid in schedulability. If the scheduling constraints are not too onerous, we would prefer these dates because it would place the airglow emission in the expected ISM attenuation region. This will improve our determinations of the Lyman alpha fluxes of our target stars, and is typically standard for Lyman alpha stellar observations. The preferred date ranges are: (1) 2MASS J02530084+1652532 (Teegarden's star) Radial velocity = +63 km/s (Newton+14) March 22 to Sep 23 (any year) (2) 2MASSJ15345704-1418486 Radial velocity = -71 km/s (Burgasser+15) October 13 to Feb 25 (any year) (3) 2MASSJ03341218 (LEHPM 3396) Radial velocity = +71 km/s (Reiners+09) March 17 to Sep 28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSJ025300 STAR, M V-IV RA=02H53M4.7142S +/- J2000 V = +63 V = 15.21 84+1652532 0.00007458868", DEC=+16D51'51.75" +/- 0.000076965086" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016.0 0.23887870347049353 -3.8055411227373304 0.2609884407 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSJ153457 STAR, M V-IV RA=15H34M55.9209S +/- J2000 V = -71 V = 18.77 04-1418486 0.00010688386", DEC=-14D18'54.54" +/- 0.000075865306" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016 -0.06321655396318007 -0.33022722596645526 0.0914 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASSJ033412 STAR, M V-IV RA=03H34M16.1270S +/- J2000 V = +71 V = 18.86 18-4953322 0.00004644137", DEC=-49D53'24.30" +/- 0.00005208889" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016 0.24427061744498385 0.4831275044783075 0.1126 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: Our science case requires coordinating with the XMM-Newton observations. See observing description. Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSJ02530 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 0.3 S (0.3 084+1652532 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSJ02530 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1080, WAVECAL=NO 1 2315 S 084+1652532 -MAMA G (2315 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASSJ02530084+1652 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 532 2MASSJ02530084+1652 2 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A 532 -MAMA G WAVE 3 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: Our science case requires coordinating with the XMM-Newton observations. See observing description. Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSJ15345 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 4 S (4 S) 704-1418486 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSJ15345 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1080, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S 704-1418486 -MAMA G see below (2292 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASSJ15345704-1418 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 486 2MASSJ15345704-1418 2 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 2292.0 S 486 -MAMA G WAVE 3 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: Our science case requires coordinating with the XMM-Newton observations. See observing description. Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSJ03341 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 4 S (4 S) 218-4953322 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSJ03341 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1080, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S 218-4953322 -MAMA G see below (2428 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASSJ03341218-4953 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 322 2MASSJ03341218-4953 2 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 2428.0 S 322 -MAMA G WAVE 3 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 7] Visit: 04 (HOPR03) Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: Our science case requires coordinating with the XMM-Newton observations. See observing description. Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASSJ03341 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 4 S (4 S) 218-4953322 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASSJ03341 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1080, WAVECAL=NO 1 2160 S 218-4953322 -MAMA G see below (2428 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASSJ03341218-4953 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 322 2MASSJ03341218-4953 2 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.2D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 2428.0 S 322 -MAMA G WAVE 3 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 16487( 5) - 27-Jan-2022 19:49:29 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 16487 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.2, 52X0.2D1, F28X50LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1080, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ON HOLD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 2MASSJ02530084+1652532, 2MASSJ03341218-4953322, 2MASSJ15345704-1418486, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------