16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16644 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title The ionizing output of galaxies undergoing the most extreme feedback ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Matthew James Hayes Stockholm University Y CoI: Prof. Claudia Scarlata University of Minnesota - Twin Cities N CoI: Dr. Alaina L. Henry Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Timothy M. Heckman The Johns Hopkins University N CoI: Dr. John Chisholm University of Texas at Austin N CoI: Ms. Sophia R Flury University of Massachusetts - Amherst N CoI: Dr. Anne Jaskot Williams College N CoI: Prof. Mauro Giavalisco University of Massachusetts - Amherst N CoI: Dr. Michael James Rutkowski Minnesota State University, Mankato N CoI: Prof. Trinh Xuan Thuan The University of Virginia N CoI: Dr. Harry C. Ferguson Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Prof. Goeran Oestlin Stockholm University N CoI: Prof. Daniel Schaerer University of Geneva, Department of N Astronomy CoI: Dr. Maxime Trebitsch University of Groningen N CoI: Mr. Zhiyuan Ji University of Massachusetts - Amherst N CoI: Dr. Sanchayeeta Borthakur Arizona State University N CoI: Dr. Swara Ravindranath Space Telescope Science Institute - CSA - N JWST CoI: Dr. Xinfeng Xu The Johns Hopkins University N CoI: Prof. Anne Verhamme University of Geneva, Department of N Astronomy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Pinning down the processes at work during the last phase-change of our universe - the epoch of reionization, EoR - remains of paramount importance. While enormous progress has been made on many fronts, we still do not know the nature of the population of objects that was responsible. Recent results suggest that the rapid conclusion of the EoR should have been driven by an ensemble of very compact star-forming galaxies. The major missing piece of this puzzle, however, is knowledge of their emergent ionizing luminosity, and how this varies with galaxy type. How Lyman continuum radiation (LyC) escapes from galaxies presents an ongoing challenge that requires empirical confrontation. Recent surveys at low redshift, where the ionizing flux can be measured, have implicated feedback from star-formation in the emission of LyC: winds are likely necessary to clear dense gas from the ISM. However no strong conclusions can currently be drawn, due to a limited dynamic range in existing surveys. Here we propose to test this feedback-based hypothesis by stretching it to its absolute limit along one axis of the parameter space: we will observe the direct LyC output of galaxies undergoing the most extreme feedback. The proposed starbursts have star-formation densities and outflow velocities an order of magnitude higher than 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 2] any currently surveyed in LyC. We expect that if there is any population that is stripping its own interstellar medium, leaving channels clear for LyC escape, then it is this one. We will use the results of this very efficient program (six galaxies in just 14 orbits) to empirically evaluate the role to similar compact starbursts in cosmic reionization. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ This program will obtain ultraviolet slitless spectroscopy of galaxies, using the PR130L element in the solar blind channel of ACS. We will also obtain direct imaging of each target using the F125LP filter. The sample comprises six extremely compact star-forming galaxies with redshifts between 0.4 and 0.75. The targets will be observed for between 1 and 5 orbits each, depending upon brightness. The strategy within an orbit therefore depends upon the number of orbits, and breaks down as follows: - For targets requiring one orbit, the PR130L observation is split into two exposures in the middle of the orbit, and dithered using (small) POS-TARGs for PSF recovery. Direct images are taken before the first spectrum and after the second. - For targets requiring two orbits, the same splitting is used but the PR130L spectra are almost a whole orbit in length; the second spectrum (and direct image) is taken during the second orbit. - For targets requiring more than two orbits we do the same as above. However these observations are split into visits of 2-orbit length, in order to minimize the influence of dark current; this increases rapidly with temperature (time since observations begin), and becomes detrimental after two orbits. The six targets are labelled 1-6 in APT. Visit numbers begin with the corresponding numbers. E.g. 11 is the single visit to observe target #1. Visits 51, 52, 53 are the three split visits to observe target #5. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J0826+43 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=08H26M38.4096S, J2000 V = 19.3 FUV=21.9 (AB) DEC=+43D05'29.44" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J0944+09 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=09H44M17.8512S, J2000 V = 19.7 FUV=22.6 (AB) DEC=+09D30'19.37" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J1104+59 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=11H04M37.4592S, J2000 V = 19.7 FUV=21.0 (AB) DEC=+59D46'39.61" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J1506+54 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=15H06M36.3000S, J2000 V = 19.1 FUV=21.7 (AB) DEC=+54D02'20.90" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 J1713+28 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=17H13M0.3912S, J2000 V = 20.2 FUV=21.6 (AB) DEC=+28D17'8.23" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 J0905+57 GALAXY, STARBURST RA=09H05M23.6064S, J2000 V = 19.5 FUV=21.0 (AB) DEC=+57D59'12.44" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 4] Visit: 11 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J0826+43 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 110 S (110 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J0826+43 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 1150 S (1150 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J0826+43 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 1150 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (1150 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J0826+43 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 110 S (110 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J0826+43 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J0826+43 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J0826+43 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J0826+43 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 5] Visit: 21 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1BE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2350 S (2350 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2380 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (2380 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J0944+09 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J0944+09 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J0944+09 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 2 N/A J0944+09 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 2 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 6] Visit: 22 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2350 S (2350 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2380 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (2380 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J0944+09 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J0944+09 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J0944+09 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J0944+09 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 2 N/A J0944+09 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 2 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 7] Visit: 31 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J1104+59 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 255 S (255 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J1104+59 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2570 S (2570 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J1104+59 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2600 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (2600 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J1104+59 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 255 S (255 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J1104+59 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J1104+59 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J1104+59 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 2 N/A J1104+59 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 2 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 8] Visit: 41 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J1506+54 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 110 S (110 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J1506+54 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 1200 S (1200 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J1506+54 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 1200 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (1200 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J1506+54 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 110 S (110 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J1506+54 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J1506+54 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J1506+54 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J1506+54 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 9] Visit: 51 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2370 S (2370 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2400 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (2400 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J1713+28 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J1713+28 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J1713+28 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 2 N/A J1713+28 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 2 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 10] Visit: 52 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2370 S (2370 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2400 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (2400 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J1713+28 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J1713+28 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J1713+28 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 2 N/A J1713+28 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 2 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 11] Visit: 53 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 230 S (230 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J1713+28 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 2370 S (2370 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J1713+28 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J1713+28 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 12] Visit: 61 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 J0905+57 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 110 S (110 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 J0905+57 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 1225 S (1225 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 J0905+57 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 1 1225 S POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 (1225 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 J0905+57 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 1 110 S (110 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ J0905+57 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A J0905+57 2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J0905+57 3 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none none none 1 N/A J0905+57 4 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none none none 1 N/A 16644( 3) - 02-Mar-2022 15:10:25 - [ 13] Summary Form for Proposal 16644 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures SBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/SBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1BE, POS TARG 0.336, 0.333 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F125LP, PR130L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names J0826+43, J0905+57, J0944+09, J1104+59, J1506+54, J1713+28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------