16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16652 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Detecting Water on Metallic M-Type Asteroids in the Far-UV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Tracy M Becker Southwest Research Institute Y CoI: Dr. Stephanie Jarmak Southwest Research Institute N CoI: Dr. Pippa Molyneux Southwest Research Institute N CoI: Dr. Amanda R. Hendrix Planetary Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Nathaniel J. Cunningham Nebraska Wesleyan University N CoI: Dr. Zoe A. Landsman University of Central Florida Board of N Trustees CoI: Dr. Lorenz Roth Royal Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Andrew S. Rivkin The Johns Hopkins University Applied N Physics Laboratory CoI: Dr. Dennis Bodewits Auburn University N CoI: Dr. Ujjwal Raut Southwest Research Institute N CoI: Zexi Xing University of Hong Kong N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The presence of hydrated minerals and/or water on asteroids has important implications for how they, and the Solar System, formed and evolved. Techniques that unambiguously detect water on asteroids can be used to identify targets for exploration and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and could be used to better understand how water was delivered to Earth. Asteroid hydration is typically determined through detections of the near-infrared (NIR) 3-micron absorption feature; however, interpretation of this spectral feature is complicated by the need for thermal corrections to NIR data, telluric lines in our atmosphere, and the proximity of the OH (2.8 microns) and H2O (3 microns) spectral absorption features. In the far-ultraviolet (FUV), however, water produces a strong spectral edge causing a significant difference in albedo shortward and longward of 165 nm. We propose to conduct observations of five M-type asteroids using the FUV COS G140L mode to 1) evaluate if the hydrated sub-class of the M-type asteroids are in fact hydrated or are otherwise different from the non-hydrated, presumably metallic M-types; and 2) determine if this hydration is due to OH or H2O, since only H2O is expected to produce the strong FUV spectral signature. Only three asteroids have ever been observed at wavelengths <180 nm, so this proposed program would significantly increase the database of FUV asteroid observations while also verifying if the FUV can be used to unambiguously detect water or water-bearing minerals on asteroid surfaces. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ This program is designed to observe five asteroids at far-ultraviolet wavelengths. Each target will be observed for the entirety of one visit (following acquisition). Each target will be observed using the COS G140L 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 2] centered at 1280 A. We intend to use the COS NUV image acquisition mode to acquire each target prior to the COS G140L observations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 TARGET NAME: PSYCHE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID Asteroid (16) Psyche ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=2.923229269737752, E=0.1336522060480093, I=3.09651191862866 , O=150.0382290044058, W=229.0561885944505, M=27.14022917776214, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=10-SEP-2020:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=TDB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 10.4 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 TARGET NAME: KLEOPATRA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID Asteroid (216) Kleopatra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=2.795981864738576, E=0.2496748590403307, I=13.10070257588763 , O=215.389402926145, W=180.2871818940264, M=101.384231517913, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=19-JAN-2015:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=TDB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 9.8 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 3 TARGET NAME: KALLIOPE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID Asteroid (22) Kalliope ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=2.910811086370775, E=0.1026126721936686, I=13.71800616908085 , O=66.32384713978851, W=357.2358458220123, M=23.27708382605396, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=21-JAN-2002:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=TDB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 10.1 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 4 TARGET NAME: HERTHA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID Asteroid (135) Hertha ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=2.429120915182235, E=0.2057287123292141, I=2.303965508339807 , O=343.8209847543632, W=340.2277202082004, M=41.18374923605137, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=01-JUN-2012:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=TDB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 11.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 5] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 5 TARGET NAME: LYDIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: ASTEROID Asteroid (110) Lydia ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 TYPE=ASTEROID, A=2.731859242175385, E=0.08089313772973283, I=5.964976656414284 , O=56.87567806250901, W=283.6371058030182, M=280.9875611270469, EQUINOX=J2000, EPOCH=27-SEP-2015:00:00:00, EpochTimeScale=TDB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = 11.2 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 6] Visit: 01 (Lydia Visit) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 06-OCT-2021:00:00:00 AND 17-NOV-2021:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 LYDIA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 22 S (22 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 LYDIA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FP-POS=ALL 1 2000 S G see below (1417 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LYDIA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE LYDIA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 348.0 S G LYDIA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 394.0 S G LYDIA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 394.0 S G LYDIA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 281.0 S G 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 7] Visit: 02 (Kalliope Visit) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 07-DEC-2021:00:00:00 AND 18-JAN-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KALLIOPE COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 6 S (6 S) GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KALLIOPE COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FP-POS=ALL 1 2000 S G see below (1448 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KALLIOPE 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE KALLIOPE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 362.0 S G KALLIOPE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 362.0 S G KALLIOPE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 362.0 S G KALLIOPE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 362.0 S G 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (Psyche Visit) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 10-FEB-2022:00:00:00 AND 24-MAR-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PSYCHE COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 6 S (6 S) GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PSYCHE COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FP-POS=ALL 1 2000 S G see below (1448 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PSYCHE 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE PSYCHE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 362.0 S G PSYCHE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 362.0 S G PSYCHE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 362.0 S G PSYCHE 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 362.0 S G 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 9] Visit: 04 (Hertha Visit) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 22-MAR-2022:00:00:00 AND 03-MAY-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HERTHA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 22 S (22 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HERTHA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FP-POS=ALL 1 2000 S G see below (1416 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HERTHA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A GE HERTHA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 354.0 S G HERTHA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 354.0 S G HERTHA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 354.0 S G HERTHA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 354.0 S G 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 10] Visit: 05 (Kleopatra Visit) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 26-AUG-2022:00:00:00 AND 07-OCT-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 KLEOPATRA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 30 S (30 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 KLEOPATRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=5000, FP-POS=ALL 1 2000 S G see below (1464 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KLEOPATRA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE KLEOPATRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 1 1 366.0 S G KLEOPATRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 2 1 366.0 S G KLEOPATRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 3 1 366.0 S G KLEOPATRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none 4 1 366.0 S G 16652( 3) - 16-Sep-2021 20:36:57 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 16652 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures BOA, PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=5000, FP-POS=ALL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 06-OCT-2021:00:00:00 AND 17-NOV-2021:00:00:00, BETWEEN 07-DEC-2021:00:00:00 AND 18-JAN-2022:00:00:00, BETWEEN 10-FEB-2022:00:00:00 AND 24-MAR-2022:00:00:00, BETWEEN 22-MAR-2022:00:00:00 AND 03-MAY-2022:00:00:00, BETWEEN 26-AUG-2022:00:00:00 AND 07-OCT-2022:00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140L, MIRRORA, MIRRORB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HERTHA, KALLIOPE, KLEOPATRA, LYDIA, PSYCHE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------