16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16683 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Radioactive Stars: Bound Remnants from White Dwarf Supernovae ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Saurabh W. Jha Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Y CoI: Ms. Yssavo Camacho-Neves Rutgers the State University of New Jersey N CoI: Lindsey Kwok Rutgers the State University of New Jersey N CoI: Dr. Lina Tomasella Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova N CoI: Dr. Ken Shen University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Kate Maguire University of Dublin, Trinity College N CoI: Dr. Barnabas Barna University of Szeged N CoI: Dr. Or Graur University of Portsmouth N CoI: Prof. Ryan Foley University of California - Santa Cruz N CoI: Yen-Chen Pan National Central University N CoI: Dr. Mark Magee N CoI: Dr. Curtis McCully Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope N Network CoI: Dr. Tamas Szalai University of Szeged N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) have enormous importance to cosmology and astrophysics, but their progenitors and explosion mechanisms are not understood in detail. Recently, observations and theoretical models have suggested that not all thermonuclear white-dwarf supernova explosions are normal SN Ia. In particular, type Iax supernovae (SN Iax, peculiar cousins to SN Ia), are thought to be exploding white dwarfs that are not completely disrupted, leaving behind a bound remnant. We propose late-time HST WFC3 observations of three recent SN Iax to directly observe if they each harbor a bound remnant, with a radiation-driven wind. Our program is designed to discover a new category of stars, powered by radioactivity, and to show that some thermonuclear supernovae are not terminal events in the life of their progenitor white dwarfs (unlike the complete disruption thought to occur in normal SN Ia). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will obtain late-time HST photometry of three nearby type Iax supernovae (SN Iax): SN 2019gsc, 2019muj, and 2020kyg. Each object will be observed in one three-orbit visit, with WFC3/UVIS F555W, F814W, and WFC3/IR F125W using one orbit per filter. We will use a 4 point dither in each orbit. For the WFC3/UVIS data, we will mitigate CTE losses by placing the target near the readout amplifier using one of the CTE apertures. The exposure times (about 600 seconds per dither position) give a sky background count level approaching or exceeding the recommended 20 e- and the fields also contain light from the supernova host 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 2] galaxies, so we do not think post-flash illumination will be necessary. For SN 2019muj, we include a timing constraint to observe late in the cycle to allow for more contrast between the expectations of SN ejecta flux and the bound remant flux we are searching for. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2019GSC EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=14H37M45.2490S, J2000 V = 25.4 +/- 0.5 TYPE IA DEC=+52D43'36.28" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2019MUJ EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=02H26M18.5200S, J2000 V = 26.6 +/- 0.5 TYPE IA DEC=-09D50'9.39" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2020KYG EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=13H11M39.6030S, J2000 V = 26.0 +/- 0.5 TYPE IA DEC=+22D54'55.85" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2019GSC WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F814W 1 639 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-CTE (2556 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2019GSC WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F555W 1 637 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-CTE (2548 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2019GSC WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=14 1 DEF POS TARG 0.000, 0.000 CUM (652.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2019GSC WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=14 1 DEF POS TARG 0.542, 0.182 CUM (652.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2019GSC WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=15 1 DEF POS TARG 0.339, 0.485 CUM (702.939 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2019GSC WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=15 1 DEF POS TARG -0.203, 0.303 CUM (702.939 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2019GSC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 1 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 2 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 3 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2019GSC 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 4 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019GSC 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2019GSC 4 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2019GSC 5 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2019GSC 6 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: AFTER 18-JUN-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2019MUJ WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F814W 1 592 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-CTE (2368 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2019MUJ WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F555W 1 590 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-CTE (2360 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2019MUJ WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=13 1 DEF POS TARG 0.000, 0.000 CUM (602.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2019MUJ WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=13 1 DEF POS TARG 0.542, 0.182 CUM (602.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2019MUJ WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=14 1 DEF POS TARG 0.339, 0.485 CUM (652.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2019MUJ WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=14 1 DEF POS TARG -0.203, 0.303 CUM (652.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2019MUJ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 1 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 2 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 3 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2019MUJ 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 4 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2019MUJ 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2019MUJ 4 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2019MUJ 5 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2019MUJ 6 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 9] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2020KYG WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F814W 1 595 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-CTE (2380 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2020KYG WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F555W 1 593 S PATTERN 1 2 S 1C-CTE (2372 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2020KYG WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=13 1 DEF POS TARG 0.000, 0.000 CUM (602.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2020KYG WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=13 1 DEF POS TARG 0.542, 0.182 CUM (602.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2020KYG WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=14 1 DEF POS TARG 0.339, 0.485 CUM (652.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2020KYG WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50, NSAMP=14 1 DEF POS TARG -0.203, 0.303 CUM (652.938 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 1 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 2 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 3 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 10] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2020KYG 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F555W 4 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 3 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2020KYG 4 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2020KYG 5 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM SN2020KYG 6 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W none none none none 3 N/A CUM 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 11] Visit: 53 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2020KYG WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F814W 1 595 S PATTERN 1 1 S 1C-CTE (2380 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2020KYG 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 16683( 3) - 23-Jun-2022 18:24:04 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 16683 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures IR, UVIS2-C1K1C-CTE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/IR, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters NSAMP=13, NSAMP=14, NSAMP=15, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 18-JUN-2022:00:00:00, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, POS TARG -0.203, 0.303, POS TARG 0.000, 0.000, POS TARG 0.339, 0.485, POS TARG 0.542, 0.182 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F125W, F555W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN2019GSC, SN2019MUJ, SN2020KYG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------