16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16700 Version: 8 Check-in Time: 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 STScI Edit Number: 3 Title Transit Spectroscopy in the Lyman alpha Line Core with a High Velocity Star: A New Window into Atmospheric Escape ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Allison Youngblood NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Y CoI: Dr. Eric David Lopez NASA Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Prof. Kevin France University of Colorado at Boulder N CoI: Dr. Jennifer Burt Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Ethan Kruse NASA Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Veselin Kostov NASA Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Dr. Antonio Garcia Munoz CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract H I Lyman alpha, the most sensitive probe of exoplanet upper atmospheres and escaping material, is generally unable to probe material bound to or weakly escaping from a planet because of severe attenuation from the interstellar medium in the line core. This attenuation hinders our understanding of atmospheric escape, a process likely responsible for shaping the demographics of close-in exoplanets that we observe today, as well as properties of individual exoplanets including habitability. The newly discovered warm Neptune TOI-1231b will allow us to probe the exosphere region where planetary winds are launched due to a unique property of its host star. The host star's radial velocity (+70.5 km/s) Doppler shifts the star's Lyman alpha emission and the planet's Lyman alpha absorbers out of the 100% ISM attenuation zone allowing us to see the stellar line core and use it as a backlight for transit observations. The proposed STIS transit observation of TOI-1231b will be a novel dataset on which to test the validity of hydrodynamic escape models, a set of assumptions at the underpinning of all interpretations of all Lyman alpha transit detections to date. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will observe a transit TOI-1231b with a single visit of five consecutive orbits. To capture Lyman alpha (1216 Ang), we will use STIS G140M with the 52"x0.1" slit and 1222 cenwave. Time-tag mode will be used to model and remove the STIS breathing effect and remove any flares from the data. We select wavecal=no to increase the duty cycle of the STIS observations, and we add a wavelength calibration exposure during the Earth occultation at the end of each orbit. The transit duration of TOI-1231b is 3.3 +/- 0.04 hours (approx. 2 orbits), and we have setup the visit timing requirements to achieve a visit setup of 2 orbits pre-transit, 2 orbits in-transit, and 1 orbit post-transit. We have also limited the time of year to between Jan 31 and Dec 3 (any year) to prevent the airglow emission from coinciding with the spectral region of interest. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 L-248-27 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=10H26M59.3375S +/- J2000 V = 12.302 PLANET, EXTRA-SOLAR 0.000013684372", PLANETARY SYSTEM, M DEC=-52D28'4.16" +/- V-IV 0.00001222873" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: Coordinates from Gaia EDR3. In order to ensure that the airglow does not overlap with the spectral region of interest, Hubble must not observe this target between Dec 03 and Jan 30 (any year). Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016 -0.009782562381487725 0.361546043558718 0.03638958468 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 3] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 29-JUL-2021:00:00:00 AND 03-DEC-2021:00:00:00; BETWEEN 31-JAN-2022:00:00:00 AND 03-DEC-2022:00:00:00; BETWEEN 31-JAN-2023:00:00:00 AND 03-DEC-2023:00:00:00; Period 24.245586 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458563.88839 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 L-248-27 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 0.1 S (0.1 PHASE 0.9923 TO 0.9958; S) GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1BE; SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 L-248-27 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2161 S -MAMA G (2161 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2911 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2911 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2911 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2911 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 4] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2911 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2911 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2911 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2911 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ L-248-27 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A L-248-27 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K 1 L-248-27 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA L-248-27 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA L-248-27 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA L-248-27 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA L-248-27 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 31-JAN-2023 AND 03-DEC-2023; BETWEEN 31-JAN-2024 AND 03-DEC-2024; BETWEEN 31-JAN-2025 AND 03-DEC-2025; Period 24.245586 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458563.88839 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 L-248-27 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 0.1 S (0.1 PHASE 0.0086 TO 0.9914; S) GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1BE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 L-248-27 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2101 S -MAMA G (2101 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ L-248-27 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A L-248-27 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K 1 L-248-27 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 31-JAN-2023 AND 03-DEC-2023; BETWEEN 31-JAN-2024 AND 03-DEC-2024; BETWEEN 31-JAN-2025 AND 03-DEC-2025; Period 24.245586 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458563.88839 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 L-248-27 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 0.1 S (0.1 PHASE 0.0086 TO 0.9914; S) GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1BE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 L-248-27 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D1 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 L-248-27 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 2101 S -MAMA G (2101 S) Comments: See STIS.sp.1479879, STIS.sp.1479877, and STIS.sp.1479876 for our ETCs with realistic estimates of the Lyman alpha emission in-transit and out-of-transit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ L-248-27 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A L-248-27 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05D MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K 1 L-248-27 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1D1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 16700( 8) - 15-Nov-2023 18:28:55 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 16700 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.05D1, 52X0.1, 52X0.1D1, F28X50LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=POINT, BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 29-JUL-2021:00:00:00 AND 03-DEC-2021:00:00:00, BETWEEN 31-JAN-2022:00:00:00 AND 03-DEC-2022:00:00:00, BETWEEN 31-JAN-2023 AND 03-DEC-2023, BETWEEN 31-JAN-2023:00:00:00 AND 03-DEC-2023:00:00:00, BETWEEN 31-JAN-2024 AND 03-DEC-2024, BETWEEN 31-JAN-2025 AND 03-DEC-2025, GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1BE, PHASE 0.0086 TO 0.9914, PHASE 0.9923 TO 0.9958, Period 24.245586 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458563.88839, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-12 NON-INT, SEQ 5-6 NON-INT, SEQ 7-8 NON-INT, SEQ 9-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names L-248-27, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------