16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16769 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 STScI Edit Number: 2 Title The Missing Piece of the IC 10 X-1 Puzzle: What is the Mass of the Black Hole? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Breanna Binder Cal Poly Pomona Foundation, Inc. Y CoI: Dr. Silas Laycock University of Massachusetts - Lowell N CoI: Dr. Dimitris Christodoulou University of Massachusetts - Lowell N CoI: Mr. Sayantan Bhattacharya University of Massachusetts - Lowell N CoI: Dr. Andre-Nicolas Chene NOIRLab - Gemini North (HI) N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract IC 10 X-1 belongs to the extremely rare class of Wolf-Rayet + black hole binary stellar system, and is a valuable laboratory for understanding massive star evolution, black hole formation, and the effects of X-ray irradiation on stellar winds - but only if we know the mass of the black hole. Black hole masses in these systems have proven notoriously difficult to measure with ground-based optical spectroscopy; only Hubble FUV spectroscopy currently capable of achieving a black hole mass measurement, as was demonstrated for the twin system NGC 300 X-1 (HST program #15999). With a well-constrained orbital period (1.45175d), full X-ray coverage with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR, and copious quantities of archival Gemini spectroscopy available, FUV spectroscopy that samples the binary orbital period is the only missing piece of the black hole mass-puzzle for IC 10 X-1. We request 10 orbits with COS/G140L to constrain the mass of the black hole in IC 10 X-1, which will have far-reaching consequences for understanding black formation and for constraining future evolutionary pathways (including the possibility of compact object-merger events) of massive binary stellar systems. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will collect COS spectra for the Wolf-Rayet + black hole binary IC 10 X-1 at five different orbital phases (with 2 orbits per visit). The instrument settings for all four visits is identical: IC 10 X-1 (5 x 2 orbits): COS/FUV G140L. The best measurement of the binary orbital period is 1.45175 +/- 0.00001 d, with a zero-point time corresponding to phase=0.5 (e.g., the deepest part of the X-ray dip) on MJD 54040.87. The Hubble visits should roughly sample the entire binary orbital period, although they need not be taken during a single orbital cycle. However, to keep the orbital phase uncertainty to a minimum, all HST visits should be completed within roughly two months of one another. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NAME-IC-10-X STAR, WOLF RAYET - WN RA=00H20M29.0900S +/- 0.05", J2000 V = 21.5 +/- 0.2 -1 DEC=+59D16'51.95" +/- 0.05" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 3] Visit: 01 (Phase01) Visit Requirements: Period 1.45175 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454041.37 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NAME-IC-10- COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 25 S (25 PHASE 0.05 TO 0.15 X-1 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2280 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (2627 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2930 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2 (2930 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME-IC-10-X-1 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE NAME-IC-10-X-1 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 2627.0 S G NAME-IC-10-X-1 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 4] Visit: 02 (Phase03) Visit Requirements: Period 1.45175 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454041.37 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NAME-IC-10- COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 25 S (25 PHASE 0.25 TO 0.35 X-1 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2280 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3 see below (2627 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2930 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4 (2930 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME-IC-10-X-1 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE NAME-IC-10-X-1 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 2627.0 S G NAME-IC-10-X-1 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 5] Visit: 03 (Phase05) Visit Requirements: Period 1.45175 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454041.37 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NAME-IC-10- COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 25 S (25 PHASE 0.45 TO 0.55 X-1 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2280 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (2627 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2030 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2 see below (2931 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME-IC-10-X-1 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE NAME-IC-10-X-1 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 2627.0 S G NAME-IC-10-X-1 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 2931.0 S G 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 6] Visit: 04 (Phase07) Visit Requirements: Period 1.45175 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454041.37 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NAME-IC-10- COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 25 S (25 PHASE 0.65 TO 0.75 X-1 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2280 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3 see below (2627 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2930 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=4 (2930 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME-IC-10-X-1 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE NAME-IC-10-X-1 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 2627.0 S G NAME-IC-10-X-1 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 7] Visit: 05 (Phase09) Visit Requirements: Period 1.45175 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454041.37; GROUP 05, 01, 02, 03, 04 WITHIN 75D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NAME-IC-10- COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA 1 25 S (25 PHASE 0.85 TO 0.95 X-1 GE S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2280 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1 see below (2627 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NAME-IC-10- COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, 1 2930 S X-1 G SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=2 (2930 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME-IC-10-X-1 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE NAME-IC-10-X-1 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 2627.0 S G NAME-IC-10-X-1 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G140L 1280 none none none none 2 N/A G 16769( 5) - 13-Oct-2021 20:19:15 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 16769 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1.7e4, FLASH=YES, FP-POS=1, FP-POS=2, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4, SEGMENT=BOTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GROUP 05, 01, 02, 03, 04 WITHIN 75D, PHASE 0.05 TO 0.15, PHASE 0.25 TO 0.35, PHASE 0.45 TO 0.55, PHASE 0.65 TO 0.75, PHASE 0.85 TO 0.95, Period 1.45175 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454041.37 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140L, MIRRORA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NAME-IC-10-X-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------