16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16779 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Lyman alpha absorption from the only mini Neptune with measured helium outflow ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Michael Zhang California Institute of Technology Y CoI: Dr. Heather A. Knutson California Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Fei Dai California Institute of Technology N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract TOI 560.01 is a mini Neptune orbiting a young (400-600 Myr) and nearby (32 pc) K star, the first and only mini Neptune with measured helium absorption from its photoevaporating atmosphere. We propose to observe three transits of the planet with STIS/G140M in order to measure Lyman alpha absorption from the outflow. Photoevaporation is especially interesting to probe in this regime because it predominantly occurs in the active youth of a star's life, creating the ``Fulton gap" in radius which divides super-Earths (1--1.8 REarth) from mini-Neptunes (2--3 REarth). These observations will allow us to measure the size, shape, and kinematic structure of the exosphere, constrain the mass loss rate, and evaluate the magnitude of any visit-to-visit variability in the outflow structure. The combination of Lyman alpha and He I 1083 nm observations will provide stringent constraints on hydrodynamical models. These two wavelengths provide complementary information: Ly alpha probes high-velocity hydrogen in the tenuous outer reaches of the exosphere, while helium probes low-velocity helium in the denser part of the exosphere, much closer to the planet surface. Finally, recent TESS observations indicate that there may be another transiting planet in the TOI 560 system on an exterior orbit, although it has not yet been confirmed. Multi-planet systems are ideal for studying mass loss because the two planets share the same high-energy irradiation history and similar formation histories, making comparative planetology possible. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Our program will observe 3 transits of HD 73583b. Each transit observation will consist of 5 consecutive orbits. Between 1 and 2 of these orbits are in-transit, depending on the exact phase of the start of observations. We set the phase requirements to +- 0.5 hours for two visits (Centrist 1/2), but set a much more stringent requirement for one visit (Hail Mary) to maximize the amount of in-transit observation time, at the cost of schedulability. We'll probably adjust the phase requirements as visits are completed to try to maximize the phase coverage. The ephemeris uncertainty is negligible, at less than 2 minutes. We planned our observations so that the first orbit of each visit has an ACQ and ACQ-PEAKUP exposure, followed by a science exposure and wavelength calibration. Subsequent orbits only have a science exposure and a wavelength calibration exposure, with no ACQ or ACQ-PEAKUP. Because the few minutes' 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 2] difference in orbital visibility due to precession has minimal impact on our science, we change the schedulability parameter from 30 to 90 to make scheduling easier. If possible, we kindly ask the Program Coordinator to expand our science observations to fill up the entire orbital visibility for the orbits that are actually scheduled. Reduced gyro mode impacts our program by limiting the number of scheduling opportunities. Otherwise, we do not forsee major impacts from RGM. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-73583 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=08H38M45.1903S, J2000 V = 9.63 PLANET, EXTRA-SOLAR DEC=-13D15'23.48" PLANETARY SYSTEM, K V-IV Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: The coordinates and proper motion were obtained from Gaia EDR3. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016 -0.004369773996170277 0.03848 0.03166 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 4] Visit: 01 (Centrist) Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; Period 6.39805423 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458767.21461 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-73583 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) PHASE 0.97370 TO I 0.98021; SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-73583 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 1802 S -MAMA G (1802 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-73583 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II HD-73583 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.1 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K HD-73583 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (Centrist) Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; Period 6.39805423 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458767.21461 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-73583 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) PHASE 0.97370 TO I 0.98021; SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-73583 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 1802 S -MAMA G (1802 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-73583 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II HD-73583 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.1 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K HD-73583 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (Hail Mary) Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; Period 6.39805423 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458767.21461 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-73583 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) PHASE 0.97382 TO I 0.98032; SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-73583 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.1 MIRROR 1 0.1 S (0.1 K S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 1802 S -MAMA G (1802 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-73583 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 WAVECAL=NO, BUFFER-TIME=1500 1 2517 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-73583 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II HD-73583 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.1 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K HD-73583 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA HD-73583 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 16779( 2) - 09-Jul-2021 12:24:45 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 16779 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.1, F28X50OIII ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.97370 TO 0.98021, PHASE 0.97382 TO 0.98032, Period 6.39805423 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2458767.21461, SCHED 90%, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-12 NON-INT, SEQ 5-6 NON-INT, SEQ 7-8 NON-INT, SEQ 9-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD-73583, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------