16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16883 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title The origin of NIR emission in the Fast radio burst source SGR 1935+2154 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Joseph Lyman The University of Warwick Y CoI: Prof. Andrew James Levan Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen N CoI: Dr. Ashley Chrimes Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen N CoI: Dr. C. Kouveliotou George Washington University N CoI: Dr. Klaas Wiersema Lancaster University N CoI: Dr. Andrew S. Fruchter Space Telescope Science Institute N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract SGR 1935+2154 is a notoriously active magnetar undergoing a period of high energy activity. Similar recent activity in 2020 elicited a series of Fast Radio Burst (FRB) like events from the source and triggered a breakthrough in our understanding of extragalactic FRB progenitors. FRBs are one of the key mysteries of recent astrophysics, and SGR 1935+2154 represents our chance to study the systems that produce them in unprecedented detail. HST has already contributed significantly to this goal - a near-infrared detection of the source has been made and observed to undergo significant variability. Here we propose to capitalise on results from the most recent sighting by HST of the NIR counterpart, which has brightened by a factor of 4, to probe the origin of this emission. The origin of optical and NIR emission from magnetars is poorly known. Models range from fallback of material from a disc and magnetosphere-powered emisson, to surviving binary companions. Each has implications for the formation of magnetars and the nature of the emission is crucial to understand in order to motivate and inform future multi-wavelength follow-up of FRBs. Our proposed observations will obtain a NIR spectral energy distribution for SGR 1935+2154, to be readily compared with models for the emission, in order to uncover its origin. We will also enact a cycle-long monitoring campaign to double the epochs of observations for this object, in order to properly understand the nature of its variability, and its correlation (or lack of) with activity at both higher and lower frequencies. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The aim of this proposal is to obtain observations of SGR 1935+2154 to obtain further detections of its counterpart in multiple filters and refine the measurement of its proper motion and determine the level of variability. The source was found to be somewhat brighter in June 2021, and the source is known to vary. This motivates strongly a need to observe the visit to determine its SED as soon as possible (while the source is bright). We have scheduled these as 4xone-orbit visits, with time window between them in order to minimise the variability between these epochs. 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 2] For further observations, we aim to refine proper motion constraints and pin down the level of variability, and so there is also a significant advantage to matching the orient of the observations with those taken previously, or orientating at 90degree intervals. We will repeat the observational set-up previously used which is a simple 4-point dither pattern using the STEP reads for dynamic range. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+2154 STAR, NEUTRON STAR RA=19H34M55.6800S, J2000 F140W = 24.5mag DEC=+21D53'48.20" Reference Frame: Other: SIMBAD Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.572 Line_Spacing 0.365 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 18.528 Angle_Between_Sides 74.653 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: SCHED 40%; ORIENT 293.5D TO 295.219 D; BEFORE 31-MAR-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit to obtain part of NIR SED of a varying object. Grouped to other visits that should be completed in a small time-window to minimise impact of variability. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+215 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W FLASH=10 1 500 S PATTERN 2 1 4 S see below (2284 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 2 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 1 none none none 1 571.0 S S SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 2 none none none 1 571.0 S S SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 3 none none none 1 571.0 S S SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F814W 4 none none none 1 571.0 S S SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W 1 none none none 2 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W 2 none none none 2 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W 3 none none none 2 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F125W 4 none none none 2 N/A CUM 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: SAME ORIENT AS 01; GROUP 02, 01 WITHIN 5D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit to obtain part of NIR SED of a varying object. Grouped to other visits that should be completed in a small time-window to minimise impact of variability. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F105W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 2 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F105W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F105W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F105W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F105W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 1 none none none 2 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 2 none none none 2 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 3 none none none 2 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F160W 4 none none none 2 N/A CUM 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 205.218D TO 205.219 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit for single observation in F140W at 90deg angle to previous observations for variability and proper motion study Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ORIENT -90D TO -90D FROM 03; BETWEEN 01-AUG-2022:00:00:00 AND 31-AUG-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit for single observation in F140W at 90deg angle to previous observations for variability and proper motion study Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: ORIENT -90D TO -90D FROM 03 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit for single observation in F140W at 90deg angle to previous observations for variability and proper motion study Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Requirements: ORIENT -90D TO -90D FROM 03; AFTER 05 BY 10 D TO 40 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Replacement for failed visit 4. Visit for single observation in F140W at 90deg angle to previous observations for variability and proper motion study Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SGR1935+215 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 4 CUM (2396.929 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SGR1935+2154 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM 16883( 5) - 26-Aug-2022 19:48:14 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 16883 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures IR, UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/IR, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=10, NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 05 BY 10 D TO 40 D, BEFORE 31-MAR-2022:00:00:00, BETWEEN 01-AUG-2022:00:00:00 AND 31-AUG-2022:00:00:00, GROUP 02, 01 WITHIN 5D, ORIENT -90D TO -90D FROM 03, ORIENT 205.218D TO 205.219 D, ORIENT 293.5D TO 295.219 D, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 2 1, SAME ORIENT AS 01, SCHED 40% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F105W, F125W, F140W, F160W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SGR1935+2154 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------