16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 16894 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title The Variable Optical-X-ray SED of M87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Joseph Neilsen Villanova University Y CoI: Prof. Daryl Haggard McGill University Y CoI: Dr. Michael Nowak Washington University in St. Louis N CoI: Dr. Sera Markoff Universiteit van Amsterdam N CoI: Dr. Kazuhiro Hada National Astronomical Observatory of Japan N (NAOJ) CoI: Dr. Geoffrey Bower Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy N and Astrophysics CoI: Dr. Svetlana G. Jorstad Boston University N CoI: Dr. Mislav Balokovic Yale University N CoI: Dr. Venkatessh Ramakrishnan Universidad de Concepcion N CoI: Dr. Michael Johnson Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Dr. Sunil Chandra North-West University Potchefstroom Campus N CoI: Dr. Stefanie Komossa Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie N CoI: Dr. Thomas Krichbaum Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie N CoI: Dr. Jaeyeong Kim Korea Astronomy and Space Science N Institute (KASI) CoI: Dr. Alan P. Marscher Boston University N CoI: Dr. Mark Reynolds University of Michigan N CoI: Monika Moscibrodzka Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen N CoI: Hope Boyce McGill University N CoI: Mr. George Wong University of Illinois at Urbana - N Champaign CoI: Dr. Marcos Santander University of Alabama N CoI: Amanpreet Kaur The Pennsylvania State University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract On behalf of the EHT's Multiwavelength (MWL) Working Group, we propose a joint campaign on M87* coordinated in part with EHT: 50 ks XMM-Newton, 4 orbits Hubble, & 50 ks NuSTAR. These observations will improve constraints on (1) the SED of M87* and its particle acceleration processes, as well as (2) the variability of the famous jet across the electromagnetic spectrum. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The goal of our HST program is to study the optical and UV variability of M87 in conjunction with Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and Chandra observations, as well as XMM-Newton and NuSTAR. We are particularly interested in tracking the relative flux and SED changes of the core and the knot HST-1 over time. Our HST observations will occur in two pieces separated by several months and 16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 2] consisting of two orbits each. The first piece should be coordinated with Chandra in March 2022; the second will be coordinated with XMM and NuSTAR in June/July 2022. We adopt a modified version of the WFC3/UVIS observing strategy used for historical Hubble M87 monitoring (e.g. PI:Shara). In our analysis, comparable exposures produced to 3-10% uncertainties on the core and HST-1 fluxes after subtracting the host galaxy contribution. The spring and summer observations are similar, with adjustments to compensate for varying orbital visibility of M87. Generally each consists of two orbits to acquire observations in F275W and F814W (orbit 1) and F390W and F606W (orbit 2) in ACCUM mode. For the summer visit to be coordinated with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton, the first orbit consists of three dithered 496 s exposures in F275W and two dithered 352 s exposures in F814W in ACCUM mode, for a total of 2192 s on source; the second orbit has 2x 571 s in F390W and 3x 349 s in F606W. ETC calculations are given for the nucleus and are approximate as they neglect the host galaxy. The remaining ~1 ks per orbit is covered by overhead (setup, readouts, filter changes, and dithering). We mitigate CTE with a flash to increase the background; sub-exposures reduce cosmic rays. Reduced visibility in March requires shorter exposures. The first orbit consists of three dithered 438 s exposures in F275W and two dithered 348 s exposures in F814W in ACCUM mode, for a total of 2046 s on source; the second orbit/visit has 2x 482 s in F390W and 3x348 s in F606W. Per our accepted XMM/HST/NuSTAR proposal, this visit should be scheduled within 1 day of a Chandra/EHT observation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M-87 GALAXY, ELLIPTICAL, RA=12H30M49.4149S, J2000 V = 8.63 JET, KNOT, NUCLEUS DEC=+12D23'28.21" Reference Frame: Other: SIMBAD Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 -5.480328945655651E-4 0.010734 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-GAP-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 2.414 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.759 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 0.145 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 46.84 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 5] Visit: 01 (March) Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; SCHED 80%; BETWEEN 16-MAR-2022:00:00:00 AND 29-MAR-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This visit should be scheduled within one day of a Chandra/EHT observation; the "between" requirement represents the window where Chandra/EHT observations will occur. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W FLASH=20 1 438 S PATTERN 1 1 S (1314 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F814W FLASH=15 1 349 S (698 PATTERN 2 2 S S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F390W FLASH=17 1 482 S (964 PATTERN 2 3 S S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W FLASH=13 1 348 S PATTERN 1 4 S (1044 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W 1 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W 2 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W 3 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F390W 1 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F390W 2 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W 1 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W 2 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W 3 none none none 2 N/A S 16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (Summer) Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; BETWEEN 04-JUN-2022:00:00:00 AND 14-JUL-2022:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This observation should be scheduled to overlap with XMM-Newton observations; the "between" requirement represents the window where XMM observations can occur. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W FLASH=20 1 496 S PATTERN 1 1 S (1488 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F814W FLASH=15 1 348 S (696 PATTERN 2 2 S S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F390W FLASH=17 1 567 S PATTERN 2 3 S (1134 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W FLASH=13 1 349 S PATTERN 1 4 S (1047 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W 1 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W 2 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F275W 3 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F390W 1 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F390W 2 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W 1 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W 2 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-FIX F606W 3 none none none 2 N/A S 16894( 3) - 21-Jan-2022 15:21:38 - [ 7] Summary Form for Proposal 16894 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=13, FLASH=15, FLASH=17, FLASH=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 04-JUN-2022:00:00:00 AND 14-JUL-2022:00:00:00, BETWEEN 16-MAR-2022:00:00:00 AND 29-MAR-2022:00:00:00, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 4, PATTERN 2 2, PATTERN 2 3, PCS MODE FINE, SCHED 80% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F275W, F390W, F606W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names M-87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------