17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17074 Version: 8 Check-in Time: 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Smoking guns in massive binary evolution: The hunt for Black Holes and Stripped Stars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Varsha Ramachandran Universitat Heidelberg Y CoI: Dr. Andreas Sander Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg N CoI: Prof. Lidia Oskinova Universitat Potsdam N CoI: Dr. Helge Todt Universitat Potsdam N CoI: Daniel Pauli Universitat Potsdam N CoI: Matheus Bernini Peron Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg N CoI: Roel Lefever Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract With the detection of gravitational waves from merging compact objects, a new observational window onto the fates of massive stars has been opened. To explain the observed mergers of compact objects, we need accurate knowledge about the evolution of massive binary stars. Yet, current population synthesis calculations often yield puzzling results, as they predict certain types of stellar systems in large numbers, which are rarely observed. Whether this is due to observational challenges or due to errors in the underlying evolutionary models, is one of the major open questions in massive star research. In this proposal, we tackle two crucial stages of massive binary evolution that are predicted in large numbers, but so far rarely observed: Systems containing an OB-star accompanied by an X-ray-quiet black hole (BH) and systems where a hot, envelope-stripped star is outshined by its OB-type companion. In both cases, the (compact) companion hardly leaves any trace in the optical beyond a suspicious, small He II disk-like emission. To identify the nature of the companion and distinguish between a BH and a stripped-star companion, UV spectroscopy is the only viable tool. With the unique capabilities of the HST, we will perform a pilot study for two prototypical systems in the Galaxy and the LMC that harbor either a BH or a stripped star companion. By determining the presence of tracing ions and the wind parameters of the stars, our study will confirm or deny the existence of the presently only known dormant BH in the Milky Way, marking an anchor point for our understanding of massive binary evolution and defining a framework for future observations of stripped stars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We are observing a bright Galactic B star MWC656 with Vmag~8.8 using STIS and COS. For STIS E140M and E230M settings, ETC only gives a warning about lower buffer time. In COS 130M /1096 setting, it gives a count rate warning in segment A. But we are planning to observe only in segment B. Our main aim is to look at O IV line at 1032-38 A, which is important for our science case. Since the wavecal lines are too faint for Segment B, and only show up on 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 2] Segment A, we added additional wavecal exposure before and after the science exposure. When I run BOT for this object, it gives a warning in all exposures. However, the details of this warning consider an O5 spectral type for this star whereas the actual spectral type is B1-2. I hope this is not a problem. The second target is an LMC O star, which will be observed using COS/FUV. In the COS130M/ 1291 setting (both segments), all FP-POS setting is not available. So I opted for two different exposures with FP-POS=3 and 4. However, it still gives a warning in APT. In COS 160M/1611 we chose both segments and all FP-POS. Each target has two consecutive orbits planned to reduce the overheads. In all spectral settings, we aim for S/N ~30 except COS 130M /1096 segment B. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-215227 STAR, B0-B2 III-I RA=22H42M57.3032S +/- J2000 V = 8.81 Gmag=8.7 0.0000132", DEC=+44D43'18.26" +/- 0.0000143 " Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: Coordinates and proper motions are taken from Gaia DR3 Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016 -3.263280036881081E-4 -0.003159 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MLD95-LMC-1- EXT-STAR, MAIN SEQUENCE RA=05H31M23.7850S +/- J2000 V = 13.88 Gmag=14.87 546 O 0.0000381", DEC=-71D04'12.66" +/- 0.0000403" Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: Coordinates and proper motions are taken from Gaia DR3 Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2016 3.834657033679265E-4 4.84E-4 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-215227 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 1 S (1 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-215227 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 1 1320 S -MAMA (1320 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-215227 STIS/NUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E230M 2124 1 702 S (702 -MAMA S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-215227 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I HD-215227 2 STIS/FUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-215227 3 STIS/NUV ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E230M 2124 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MLD95-LMC-1 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G160M 1577 LIFETIME-POS=LP4 1 1 S (1 S) -546 KXD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MLD95-LMC-1 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G160M 1577 CENTER=DEF, NUM-POS=5, 1 1 S (1 S) -546 KD STEP-SIZE=0.9, LIFETIME-POS=LP4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 MLD95-LMC-1 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 BUFFER-TIME=395, FP-POS=ALL, 1 351 S -546 G SEGMENT=BOTH, LIFETIME-POS=LP4 (1404 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 MLD95-LMC-1 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=187, SEGMENT=BOTH, 1 450 S (450 -546 G FP-POS=3, LIFETIME-POS=LP5 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 MLD95-LMC-1 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=187, SEGMENT=BOTH, 1 328 S (328 -546 G FP-POS=4, LIFETIME-POS=LP5 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 MLD95-LMC-1 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 FP-POS=ALL, SEGMENT=BOTH, 1 480 S -546 G BUFFER-TIME=523, (1920 S) LIFETIME-POS=LP2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MLD95-LMC-1-546 1 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G160M 1577 none none none none 1 N/A KXD MLD95-LMC-1-546 2 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA PSA G160M 1577 none none none none 1 N/A KD MLD95-LMC-1-546 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 1 1 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 2 1 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 3 1 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1611 none none none 4 1 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MLD95-LMC-1-546 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 1 2 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 2 2 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 3 2 N/A G MLD95-LMC-1-546 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none 4 2 N/A G 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-215227 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA BOA G140L 1280 LIFETIME-POS=LP4 1 8.5 S (8.5 KXD S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-215227 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA BOA G140L 1280 CENTER=DEF, NUM-POS=5, 1 8.5 S (8.5 KD STEP-SIZE=0.9, SEGMENT=BOTH, S) LIFETIME-POS=LP4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 WAVE COS/FUV TIME-TA WCA G130M 1096 SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=1, 1 DEF (0 S) G LIFETIME-POS=LP2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HD-215227 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 SEGMENT=B, FP-POS=1, 1 808 S (808 G LIFETIME-POS=LP2, S) BUFFER-TIME=11888 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-215227 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 SEGMENT=B, FP-POS=3, 1 808 S (808 G LIFETIME-POS=LP2, S) BUFFER-TIME=11888 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE COS/FUV TIME-TA WCA G130M 1096 SEGMENT=BOTH, FP-POS=3, 1 DEF (0 S) G LIFETIME-POS=LP2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-215227 1 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA BOA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A KXD HD-215227 2 COS/FUV ACQ/PEA BOA G140L 1280 none none none none 1 N/A KD WAVE 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA WCA G130M 1096 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-215227 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none none 1 N/A G HD-215227 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1096 none none none none 1 N/A G WAVE 6 COS/FUV TIME-TA WCA G130M 1096 none none none none 1 N/A G 17074( 8) - 04-Oct-2022 14:39:30 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 17074 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 0.2X0.2, BOA, F28X50OII, PSA, WCA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA, STIS/NUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAKD, ACQ/PEAKXD, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=POINT, BUFFER-TIME=11888, BUFFER-TIME=187, BUFFER-TIME=395, BUFFER-TIME=523, CENTER=DEF, FP-POS=1, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4, FP-POS=ALL, LIFETIME-POS=LP2, LIFETIME-POS=LP4, LIFETIME-POS=LP5, NUM-POS=5, SEGMENT=B, SEGMENT=BOTH, STEP-SIZE=0.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements E140M, E230M, G130M, G140L, G160M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD-215227, MLD95-LMC-1-546, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------