17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17094 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Constraining the mass loss in evaporating planets by catching the second tail ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Jessica Spake California Institute of Technology Y CoI: Dr. James Edward Owen Imperial College of London N CoI: Ethan Schreyer Imperial College of London N CoI: Dr. R. O. Parke Loyd Eureka Scientific Inc. N CoI: Dr. Lynne A. Hillenbrand California Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Heather A. Knutson California Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Shreyas Vissapragada California Institute of Technology N CoI: Michael Zhang University of Chicago N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Highly irradiated gas-giant exoplanets vigorously lose their atmospheres. This makes them excellent laboratories for extreme atmospheric physics - where we can study the effect of high levels of irradiation and stellar wind. Despite decades of observations with HST, the scientific value of the Lyman-alpha detections remains surprisingly under-exploited. In particular, the observations have not yet been able to precisely quantify planetary mass-loss rates. To address the gap between Lyman-alpha models and observations, a new observational pathway has been proposed to untangle the web of parameter interdependency. Originally identified in the 3D radiative-hydrodynamic simulations, this method requires measuring the second Lyman-alpha transits that are predicted to occur for hot Jupiters after the main transit. Second Lyman-alpha transits have never yet been probed or observed, despite this theoretical prediction. By measuring the time-delay of the secondary transit, the strength of the acceleration mechanism and the inertia of the outflowing gas can be measured, which is set by the mass loss rate. Thus, a measurement of a hot Jupiter's secondary transit will allow us to break the degeneracies that have plagued interpretation of Lyman-alpha transits, bringing firm physical constraints which will finally allow us to observationally, qualitatively constrain the mass-loss rate of an exoplanet. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Our program will observe the HD209458 system three times, covering the nominal exoplanet transit in one visit, and then covering ten hours of post-transit time at subsequent transit events. Each observation will consist of 5 HST orbits which overlap in planet orbital phase by approximately 1.5 orbits. Combined, they will cover the entire planet transit plus any post-transit tail, caused by material escaping from the atmosphere and trailing behind the planet. The aim of the proposal is to measure the length of this post-transit tail. The transit duration of HD209458b is 3.05 hours, corresponding to 2 and 2.5 orbits. Visit 1, a 5-orbit sequence, will therefore capture the entire nominal 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 2] transit, if there is no post-transit tail. We require observations before the transit to establish a pre-transit baseline. Visits 2 and 3 are also 5 orbits long, and will measure any extended egress (as is the case for many other exoplanets). Because we can accomodate ~ 30 mins of timing uncertainty, we set the phase requirements to +- 0.25 hours. We planned our observations so that the first orbit of each visit has an ACQ and ACQ-PEAKUP exposure, followed by a science exposure and wavelength calibration. Subsequent orbits only have a science exposure and a wavelength calibration exposure, with no ACQ or ACQ-PEAKUP. Because the few minutes' difference in orbital visibility due to precession has minimal impact on our science, we change the schedulability parameter from 30 to 90 to make scheduling easier. If possible, we kindly ask the Program Coordinator to expand our science observations to fill up the entire orbital visibility for the orbits that are actually scheduled. We do not forsee major impacts from reduced gyro mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458B EXT-STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=22H03M10.8053S, J2000 V = 7.63 PLANETARY SYSTEM, G DEC=+18D53'3.27" V-IV Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 0.0020841118849359345 -0.017889999958242697 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 4] Visit: 01 (Visit 1) Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458B STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) PHASE 0.9433 TO 0.9492; I SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-209458B STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.05N MIRROR 1 1.5 S (1.5 K D S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 1509 S -MAMA G (1509 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-209458B 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II HD-209458B 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.05 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K ND HD-209458B 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (Visit 2) Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458B STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) PHASE 0 TO 0.0059; SEQ I 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-209458B STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.05N MIRROR 1 1.5 S (1.5 K D S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 1509 S -MAMA G (1509 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-209458B 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II HD-209458B 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.05 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K ND HD-209458B 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (Visit 3) Visit Requirements: SCHED 90%; Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD-209458B STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 5 S (5 S) PHASE 0.0426 TO 0.0485; I SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD-209458B STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.05N MIRROR 1 1.5 S (1.5 K D S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000, WAVECAL=NO 1 1509 S -MAMA G (1509 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 5-6 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 7-8 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 9-10 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HD-209458B STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO 1 2517 S SEQ 11-12 NON-INT -MAMA G (2517 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HD-209458B 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II HD-209458B 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.05 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K ND HD-209458B 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 5 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 6 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 8 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA HD-209458B 11 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 12 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.1 G140M 1222 none none none none 5 N/A -MAMA 17094( 2) - 15-Jul-2022 19:35:01 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 17094 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 0.2X0.05ND, 52X0.1, F28X50OIII ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1000, BUFFER-TIME=1500, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0 TO 0.0059, PHASE 0.0426 TO 0.0485, PHASE 0.9433 TO 0.9492, Period 3.52474859 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2452826.628521, SCHED 90%, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-12 NON-INT, SEQ 5-6 NON-INT, SEQ 7-8 NON-INT, SEQ 9-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD-209458B, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------