17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17279 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 STScI Edit Number: 2 Title Benchmarking the first bona fide extragalactic X-ray faint massive black-hole binary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Tomer Shenar Universiteit van Amsterdam Y CoI: Prof. Hugues Sana Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven N CoI: Dr. Kareem El-Badry California Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. Laurent Mahy Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven N CoI: Pablo Ignacio Marchant Campos Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven N CoI: Dr. Norbert Langer Universitat Bonn, Argelander Institute for N Astronomy CoI: Dr. Julia Bodensteiner European Southern Observatory - Germany N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We propose to secure two phase-resolved HST/COS UV spectra of VFTS 243: the only known X-ray faint binary hosting a black hole outside our Milky Way. VFTS 243, a 10-d period binary residing in the Large Magellanic Cloud, was recently reported (July 2022, Nature Astronomy) to comprise a 25Msun O-type primary and a black hole that weighs at least 9Msun. Unlike all other extragalactic black holes known, the black hole in VFTS 243 is X-ray quiet. VFTS 243, which received wide media coverage, thus provides us with a laboratory to study black hole formation, supernova physics, and wind accretion in an uncharted parameter domain. With only two orbits of UV spectroscopy, we will: (1) establish the wind properties of the O-type primary, which is crucial for understanding the lack of X-rays in the system; (2) ensure that no hot companion is hidden in the spectrum; (3) investigate whether the atmosphere of the primary is polluted by material from a previous mass-transfer or explosion event, and (4) study the interaction between the black hole and the stellar wind in an X-ray faint black hole binary. These investigations will shed light on the formation process of black holes at sub-solar metallicity and on accretion physics, with implications on gravitational-wave astronomy and supernova physics. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We aim to obtain UV spectra with the G130M (1222 & 1291) and G160M(1623) gratings of the O+black-hole binary VFTS 243 at two distinct orbital phases: - Phase ~0.32 or ~0.82 (RV extreme) - Phase ~0.07 (black hole in front of O star) The spectra should cover the range ~1100-1800Ang, with an S/N of 5-10 in @ 1500Ang per resolution element. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-J05380 EXT-STAR, MAIN SEQUENCE RA=05H38M8.4067S +/- 0.0254S, J2000 V = 15.26 UIT_B1 flux [cgs/A]= 8.79E-15 840-6909190 O DEC=-69D09'18.98" +/- 0.0247" @ lam =1521 Ang Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 3.226199123727453E-4 6.03E-4 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 3] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: Period 10.4031 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454870.6996801454 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit at RV extreme, phases 0.32 or 0.82. Current time requirement set for phase interval 0.72 - 0.92 (RV extreme is at ~0.82) However, the interval 0.22 - 0.42 would work equally well. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-J0538 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 6.0884 S PHASE 0.72 TO 0.92 0840-690919 GE (6.088 S) 0 Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=ALL, BUFFER-TIME=5938 1 300 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (356 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ExpTime ~ 370/4 ~ 90sec per subexposure for S/N ~5 at 1300Ang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 FP-POS=3, BUFFER-TIME=3059 1 600 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (199 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Adopted extinction: EBV = 0.54 (at RV=3.1) ExpTime ~ 400/2 sec for S/N ~5 at 1350Ang Split into FP-POS 3 & 4 (exposures 3 & 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 4] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 FP-POS=4, BUFFER-TIME=3059 1 600 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (199 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Adopted extinction: EBV = 0.54 (at RV=3.1) ExpTime ~ 400/2 sec for S/N ~5 at 1350Ang Split into FP-POS 3 & 4 (exposures 3 & 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 FP-POS=ALL, BUFFER-TIME=5938 1 300 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (356 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ExpTime ~ 370/4 ~ 90sec per subexposure for S/N ~5 at 1500Ang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J05380840-690 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A 9190 GE 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 1 1 89.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 2 1 89.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 3 1 89.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 4 1 89.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 199.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 199.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 1 1 89.0 S 9190 G 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 2 1 89.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 3 1 89.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 4 1 89.0 S 9190 G 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: Period 10.4031 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454870.6996801454 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit at conjunction, black hole in front of primary (phi = 0.0645) Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-J0538 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 6.0884 S PHASE 0.96 TO 0.16 0840-690919 GE (6.088 S) 0 Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=ALL, BUFFER-TIME=5938 1 300 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (360 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ExpTime ~ 370/4 ~ 90sec per subexposure for S/N ~5 at 1300Ang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=3, BUFFER-TIME=3059 1 600 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (200 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Adopted extinction: EBV = 0.54 (at RV=3.1) ExpTime ~ 400/2 sec for S/N ~5 at 1350Ang Split into FP-POS 3 & 4 (exposures 3 & 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 7] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=4, BUFFER-TIME=3059 1 600 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (200 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Adopted extinction: EBV = 0.54 (at RV=3.1) ExpTime ~ 400/2 sec for S/N ~5 at 1350Ang Split into FP-POS 3 & 4 (exposures 3 & 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 FP-POS=ALL, BUFFER-TIME=5938 1 300 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (360 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ExpTime ~ 370/4 ~ 90sec per subexposure for S/N ~5 at 1500Ang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J05380840-690 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A 9190 GE 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 1 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 2 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 3 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 4 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none none 1 200.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none none 1 200.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 1 1 90.0 S 9190 G 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 2 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 3 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 4 1 90.0 S 9190 G 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 9] Visit: 52 (Repeat of visit 02) Visit Requirements: Period 10.4031 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454870.6996801454 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit at conjunction, black hole in front of primary (phi = 0.0645) Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-J0538 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB 1 6.0884 S PHASE 0.96 TO 0.16 0840-690919 GE (6.088 S) 0 Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=ALL, BUFFER-TIME=5938 1 300 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (360 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ExpTime ~ 370/4 ~ 90sec per subexposure for S/N ~5 at 1300Ang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=3, BUFFER-TIME=3059 1 600 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (200 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Adopted extinction: EBV = 0.54 (at RV=3.1) ExpTime ~ 400/2 sec for S/N ~5 at 1350Ang Split into FP-POS 3 & 4 (exposures 3 & 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 10] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 FP-POS=4, BUFFER-TIME=3059 1 600 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (200 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Adopted extinction: EBV = 0.54 (at RV=3.1) ExpTime ~ 400/2 sec for S/N ~5 at 1350Ang Split into FP-POS 3 & 4 (exposures 3 & 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 2MASS-J0538 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 FP-POS=ALL, BUFFER-TIME=5938 1 300 S 0840-690919 G see below 0 (360 S) Comments: ETC input: tailored model atmosphere for VFTS 243 (from Shenar et al. 2022, Nat As, 2022, 6, 1085, calculated with PoWR code. Model already includes extinction (EBV = 0.55 for RV=3.1; AV=1.7; Shenar+22), hence EBV=0 in ETC run. ExpTime ~ 370/4 ~ 90sec per subexposure for S/N ~5 at 1500Ang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J05380840-690 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA PSA MIRRORB none none none none 1 N/A 9190 GE 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 1 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 2 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 3 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none 4 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none none 1 200.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1222 none none none none 1 200.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 1 1 90.0 S 9190 G 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 11] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 2 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 3 1 90.0 S 9190 G 2MASS-J05380840-690 5 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G160M 1623 none none none 4 1 90.0 S 9190 G 17279( 4) - 20-Jul-2023 20:59:41 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 17279 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=3059, BUFFER-TIME=5938, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4, FP-POS=ALL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.72 TO 0.92, PHASE 0.96 TO 0.16, Period 10.4031 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454870.6996801454 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, G160M, MIRRORB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 2MASS-J05380840-6909190 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------