17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17471 Version: 15 Check-in Time: 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 STScI Edit Number: 10 Title Elucidating Jupiter's auroral processes with HST and JWST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Jonathan David Nichols University of Leicester Y CoI: Dr. Henrik Melin University of Leicester N CoI: Prof. Imke de Pater University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Prof. John T. Clarke Boston University N CoI: Dr. Chihiro Tao National Institute of Information and Com. N Technology (NICT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The unique partnership between HST and JWST available at this juncture presents an exciting new prospect to understand planetary auroral processes as never before, representing the most powerful remote sensing tool ever available to understand this phenomenon. We propose joint HST-JWST observations of Jupiter's prompt electron-excited far-ultraviolet (FUV) auroral emissions and near-infrared (NIR) H3+ thermal auroral emissions that will reveal the true nature and physics behind Jupiter's enigmatic and spectacular auroras. While the two observatories have observed Jupiter's auroras separately, they never observed them simultaneously. The next step in understanding the auroral processes is to compare simultaneous images of FUV and NIR emissions to address the following questions: *How does the instantaneous FUV emission relate to the slower H3+ emission? *How does the instantaneous energy input and temperature seen in FUV emission relate to H3+ thermal emissions? *How do the H3+ thermal emissions relate to well-known FUV features, i.e. the main oval emission, polar emissions, satellite footprints, and dawn storms? *What is the lifetime of H3+ ions in Jupiter's auroral ionosphere? *What processes govern the energy balance in Jupiter's upper atmosphere? Only HST can obtain the FUV high time- and spatial resolution auroral images and high-resolution spectra of Jupiter's FUV emissions, and only JWST can obtain the high time- and spatial resolution images and spectral images of Jupiter's polar H3+ emission required to address these science questions. These observations will yield high-profile discoveries and vital context for ongoing Juno observations of Jupiter's auroras. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ These observations will comprise 6 HST orbits using the STIS/FUV-MAMA instrument. Two groups of observations will be obtained, each comprising 3 visits of 1 orbit. All visits will observe the northern auroras. For the first group of observations, all observations will be STIS FUV auroral imaging, and will cover one interval when the northern auroras are presented toward Earth. Auroral images will be obtained using the F25SRF2 filter. Jupiter will be positioned using POS and ANG such that only the auroral region and nearby disc 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 2] will be in the 25x25" field of view, and thus <1/4 of the detector is filled with the planet. We will obtain ~2200 s time-tagged exposures. The second set of observations will again observe one interval when the northern auroras are presented toward Earth, but will comprise 2 orbits of STIS imaging either side of one orbit of STIS FUV spectroscopy with the G140M grating at the 1222 A central wavelength and the 25 x 0.5 arcsec aperture with ~400s integrations. The aperture will be positioned across the auroral region and scanned across the auroral region in four ~400 s steps. The exact nature of this scan (i.e. slow smooth or stepped) will be determined once the guide star and ORIENT is known. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NORTH-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter aurora north ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=23, ANG=355, REF=NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 100 240 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2.5 +/- 0.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NORTH-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter aurora north ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=23, ANG=340, REF=NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 100 240 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2.5 +/- 0.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 3 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NORTH-3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter aurora north ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=23, ANG=328, REF=NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 100 260 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2.5 +/- 0.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 4 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NORTH-4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter aurora north ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=23, ANG=355, REF=NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 100 240 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2.5 +/- 0.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 5] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 5 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NORTH-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter aurora north ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=20.3, ANG=339, REF=NORTH, R_RAD=-390, R_ANG=90, EPOCH=08-JAN-2024:00:25:00, EpochTimeScale=UTC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 100 240 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2.5 +/- 0.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 6 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NORTH-6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter aurora north ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=POS_ANGLE, RAD=23, ANG=325, REF=NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 100 260 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2.5 +/- 0.5 Ephemeris Center: EARTH Extended: YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 6] Visit: 01 (Group 1 Visit 1) Visit Requirements: SCHED 40% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Group 1, imaging observation 1. To execute simultaneously with Observation 1 of JWST proposal 4566. RAD and ANG are reasonable placeholders, and will be set once the orbit of HST is known. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NOR STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=99 1 2455 S TH-1 -MAMA G see below (2095 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-NORTH-1 1 STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR none none none none 1 2095.0 S -MAMA G 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 7] Visit: 02 (Group 1 Visit 2) Visit Requirements: SCHED 40%; AFTER 01 BY 0 Orbits TO 1.1 Orbits On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Group 1, imaging observation 2. To execute simultaneously with Observation 1 of JWST proposal 4566. RAD and ANG are reasonable placeholders, and will be set once the orbit of HST is known. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NOR STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=99 1 2455 S TH-2 -MAMA G see below (2095 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-NORTH-2 1 STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR none none none none 1 2095.0 S -MAMA G 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (Group 1 Visit 3) Visit Requirements: SCHED 40%; AFTER 02 BY 0 Orbits TO 1.1 Orbits On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Group 1, imaging observation 3. To execute simultaneously with Observation 1 of JWST proposal 4566. RAD and ANG are reasonable placeholders, and will be set once the orbit of HST is known. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NOR STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=99 1 2455 S TH-3 -MAMA G see below (2095 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-NORTH-3 1 STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR none none none none 1 2095.0 S -MAMA G 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 9] Visit: 04 (Group 2 Visit 1) Visit Requirements: SCHED 40%; BETWEEN 07-JAN-2024:22:15:00 AND 07-JAN-2024:23:15:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Group 2, imaging observation 1. To execute simultaneously with Observation 2 of JWST proposal 4566. RAD and ANG are reasonable placeholders, and will be set once the orbit of HST is known. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NOR STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=99 1 2455 S TH-4 -MAMA G see below (2095 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-NORTH-4 1 STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR none none none none 1 2095.0 S -MAMA G 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 10] Visit: 05 (Group 2 Visit 2) Visit Requirements: SCHED 40%; BETWEEN 07-JAN-2024:23:50:00 AND 08-JAN-2024:00:50:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Group 2, spectral observation. To execute simultaneously with Observation 2 of JWST proposal 4566. RAD and ANG are reasonable placeholders, and will be set (along with RRAD and RANG if necessary) once the orbit of HST is known. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NOR STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.5 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=1000 1 1873 S TH-5 -MAMA G (1873 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-NORTH-5 1 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.5 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 11] Visit: 06 (Group 2 Visit 3) Visit Requirements: SCHED 40%; BETWEEN 08-JAN-2024:01:30:00 AND 08-JAN-2024:02:30:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Group 2, imaging observation 2. To execute simultaneously with Observation 2 of JWST proposal 4566. RAD and ANG are reasonable placeholders, and will be set once the orbit of HST is known. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NOR STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=99 1 2455 S TH-6 -MAMA G see below (2095 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-NORTH-6 1 STIS/FUV TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR none none none none 1 2095.0 S -MAMA G 17471( 15) - 04-Jan-2024 17:46:24 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 17471 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.5, F25SRF2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1000, BUFFER-TIME=99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 01 BY 0 Orbits TO 1.1 Orbits, AFTER 02 BY 0 Orbits TO 1.1 Orbits, BETWEEN 07-JAN-2024:22:15:00 AND 07-JAN-2024:23:15:00, BETWEEN 07-JAN-2024:23:50:00 AND 08-JAN-2024:00:50:00, BETWEEN 08-JAN-2024:01:30:00 AND 08-JAN-2024:02:30:00, SCHED 40% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names JUPITER-NORTH-1, JUPITER-NORTH-2, JUPITER-NORTH-3, JUPITER-NORTH-4, JUPITER-NORTH-5, JUPITER-NORTH-6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------