17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17521 Version: 11 Check-in Time: 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 STScI Edit Number: 6 Title A multiwavelength study of protoplanetary disk ionization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Catherine Espaillat Boston University Y CoI: Dr. Thanawuth Thanathibodee Chulalongkorn University N CoI: Dr. Melissa McClure Universiteit Leiden N CoI: Dr. Enrique Macias European Southern Observatory - Germany N CoI: Dr. Nuria Calvet University of Michigan N CoI: Dr. Mark Reynolds The Ohio State University N CoI: James Babb Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Peigen Yan Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Dr. Ramiro Franco-Hernandez Universidad de Guadalajara N CoI: Caeley Pittman Boston University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We aim to determine whether the magnetorotational instability (MRI) could be the elusive driver of turbulent accretion in protoplanetary disks. To accomplish this, we will measure the amount of X-ray induced disk ionization in a sample of three protoplanetary disks, leveraging the unique synergy provided by Chandra, HST, and JWST to simultaneously measure X-ray through UV luminosities and the fluxes of mid-infrared [Ne II] and [Ne III] fine structure lines. When combined with thermochemical modeling, these simultaneous Chandra, HST, and JWST observations will characterize the high-energy radiation spectrum impinging on the disk and lead to a measurement of the disk ionization fraction, which will test if the MRI is responsible for accretion in protoplanetary disks. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We request a total of 6 orbits with HST, two per object. We calculate exposure times using existing HST data for our targets and the appropriate ETC. We request simultaneous observations with Chandra and JWST taken within 1 hr of the HST observations since the Ne line luminosities are expected to change within 1 hr in response to a change in the X-ray luminosity. Since this program requires coordinated observations between three telescopes, if there are fewer observing windows due to failure of a gyro, that would make this program very difficult to schedule. For SZ Cha and TW Hya, we will use STIS to cover the FUV. T54 is very faint in the FUV, and we will use ACS. For SZ Cha, we will use the G140L grating. Given the brightness of TW Hya, we will use the E140M grating. For each, we will begin with a brief image with the F28X50OIII filter for target acquisition. We will observe T54 with ACS SBC and PR130L. The overhead for guide star and 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 2] target acquisition is ~10 minutes. T54 will also need a short (< 1 min) FUV image with the F140LP filter on the SBC for wavelength calibration. Using archival STIS FUV data of SZ Cha and TW Hya and ACS data of T 54, we estimate reaching SNR~10 in the FUV continuum with 1 orbit per target. Each object will need MAMA NUV spectra to measure the mass accretion rates, so we choose the G230L gratings covering 1570 - 3180 Angstroms. Obtaining nearly simultaneous optical and NIR spectra is crucial to measure the extinction precisely and accurately calculate the NUV excess above the stellar photosphere. We will use the CCD G430L grating (2900 - 5700 Angstroms) and the CCD G750L grating (5240-11490 Angstroms). In addition, we will obtain contemporaneous fringe flats to correct the spectra beyond 7000 Angstroms where severe fringing occurs. Low resolution is sufficient for this study since we are not attempting to measure individual FUV to optical lines in detail. Using archival STIS NUV and CCD data of SZ Cha and TW Hya, we will achieve SNR~15 in the NUV continuum and SNR>50 in the optical with 1 orbit per target. For T 54, there are no HST NUV or CCD observations and so we created a synthetic NUV and optical spectrum using the accretion shock model and optical photometry. In 1 orbit, we will achieve an SNR of >50 for the optical and NIR observations and SNR~15 for the NUV observations. We have considered the typical ranges seen in CTTS variability and checked the brightness limits of MAMA and the saturation levels of the CCD. Our targets fall within the acceptable limits for variable objects. We will enable TIME-TAG to test for short-scale variability by tracking every photon's position and detection time. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-SZ-CHA STAR, T TAURI STAR RA=10H58M16.6399S, J2000 V = 12.68 DEC=-77D17'17.15" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 -0.007109330835855404 0.0020299999999999997 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ASS-CHA-T-2- STAR, T TAURI STAR RA=11H12M42.5584S, J2000 V = 11.103 54 DEC=-77D22'22.93" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 -0.007255788389042874 7.0E-4 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 V-TW-HYA STAR, T TAURI STAR RA=11H01M51.8195S, J2000 V = 10.5 DEC=-34D42'17.25" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 -0.005539415026890248 -0.013899999999011925 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 4] Visit: 01 (SZ Cha) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 2025.153:00:00:00 AND 2025.153:07:42:56; BETWEEN 2025.153:17:17:55 AND 2025.155:22:50:05; BETWEEN 2025.156:09:52:58 AND 2025.158:14:35:07; BETWEEN 2025.159:00:16:31 AND 2025.160:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This is a joint HST, JWST, Chandra proposal and these HST observations should be scheduled to be as simultaneous as possible with the JWST and Chandra observations of this target. In the approved proposal, we requested within 1 hour. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-SZ-CHA STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 4 S (4 S) I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 V-SZ-CHA STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=2 1 1 S see below (0.2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 2 DEF (0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 V-SZ-CHA STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 63 S see below (0.2 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 V-SZ-CHA STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X2 G230L 2376 BUFFER-TIME=1120 1 900 S -MAMA G see below (1060 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 V-SZ-CHA STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X2 G140L 1425 BUFFER-TIME=1323 1 3000 S -MAMA G see below (2770 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-SZ-CHA 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II V-SZ-CHA 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none none 1 1 0.1 S V-SZ-CHA 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none none 2 1 0.1 S CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 N/A CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 N/A V-SZ-CHA 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 none none none 1 1 0.1 S V-SZ-CHA 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 none none none 2 1 0.1 S V-SZ-CHA 5 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X2 G230L 2376 none none none none 1 1060.0 S -MAMA G 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-SZ-CHA 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X2 G140L 1425 none none none none 2 2770.0 S -MAMA G 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (T 54) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This is a joint HST, JWST, Chandra proposal and these HST observations should be scheduled to be as simultaneous as possible with the JWST and Chandra observations of this target. In the approved proposal, we requested within 1 hour. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ASS-CHA-T-2 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 4 S (4 S) -54 I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ASS-CHA-T-2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=2 1 1 S -54 see below (197 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 2 DEF (0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ASS-CHA-T-2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 63 S -54 see below (259 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ASS-CHA-T-2 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X2 G230L 2376 BUFFER-TIME=1095 1 900 S -54 -MAMA G see below (998 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 ASS-CHA-T-2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP 2 108 S -54 see below (272 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 ASS-CHA-T-2 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L 2 1258 S -54 see below (2572 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ASS-CHA-T-2-54 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II ASS-CHA-T-2-54 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none none 1 1 98.5 S ASS-CHA-T-2-54 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none none 2 1 98.5 S CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 N/A CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 N/A ASS-CHA-T-2-54 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 none none none 1 1 129.5 S ASS-CHA-T-2-54 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 none none none 2 1 129.5 S 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ASS-CHA-T-2-54 5 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X2 G230L 2376 none none none none 1 998.0 S -MAMA G ASS-CHA-T-2-54 6 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none 1 none 2 136.0 S ASS-CHA-T-2-54 6 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F140LP none none 2 none 2 136.0 S ASS-CHA-T-2-54 7 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none 1 none 2 1286.0 S ASS-CHA-T-2-54 7 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC PR130L none none 2 none 2 1286.0 S 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (TW Hya) Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 2025.021:11:47:50 AND 2025.023:16:50:51; BETWEEN 2025.024:05:15:50 AND 2025.026:08:18:55; BETWEEN 2025.026:20:22:19 AND 2025.027:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This is a joint HST, JWST, Chandra proposal and these HST observations should be scheduled to be as simultaneous as possible with the JWST and Chandra observations of this target. In the approved proposal, we requested within 1 hour. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-TW-HYA STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 30 S (30 I S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 V-TW-HYA STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=2 1 1 S see below (11 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 2 DEF (0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 V-TW-HYA STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 20 S see below (30 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 V-TW-HYA STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X2 G230L 2376 BUFFER-TIME=261.0 1 150 S -MAMA G see below (123 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 V-TW-HYA STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 BUFFER-TIME=1988 1 100 S -MAMA G see below (73 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 V-TW-HYA STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 BUFFER-TIME=1988 1 3058 S -MAMA G see below (2624 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-TW-HYA 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II V-TW-HYA 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none none 1 1 5.5 S V-TW-HYA 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none none 2 1 5.5 S CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 N/A CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 0.3X0.09 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 N/A V-TW-HYA 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 none none none 1 1 15.0 S V-TW-HYA 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G430L 4300 none none none 2 1 15.0 S 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-TW-HYA 5 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X2 G230L 2376 none none none none 1 123.0 S -MAMA G V-TW-HYA 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 none none none none 1 73.0 S -MAMA G V-TW-HYA 7 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 none none none none 2 2624.0 S -MAMA G 17521( 11) - 02-Aug-2024 19:40:31 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 17521 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 0.2X0.2, 0.3X0.09, 52X2, F28X50OIII, SBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/SBC, STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA, STIS/NUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=POINT, BUFFER-TIME=1095, BUFFER-TIME=1120, BUFFER-TIME=1323, BUFFER-TIME=1988, BUFFER-TIME=261.0, CR-SPLIT=2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 2025.021:11:47:50 AND 2025.023:16:50:51, BETWEEN 2025.024:05:15:50 AND 2025.026:08:18:55, BETWEEN 2025.026:20:22:19 AND 2025.027:00:00:00, BETWEEN 2025.153:00:00:00 AND 2025.153:07:42:56, BETWEEN 2025.153:17:17:55 AND 2025.155:22:50:05, BETWEEN 2025.156:09:52:58 AND 2025.158:14:35:07, BETWEEN 2025.159:00:16:31 AND 2025.160:00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements E140M, F140LP, G140L, G230L, G430L, G750L, MIRROR, PR130L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names ASS-CHA-T-2-54, CCDFLAT, V-SZ-CHA, V-TW-HYA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------