17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17592 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title The Variable Optical-X-ray SED of M87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Joseph Neilsen Villanova University Y CoI: Prof. Daryl Haggard McGill University N CoI: Dr. Venkatessh Ramakrishnan University of Turku N CoI: Dr. Mislav Balokovic Yale University N CoI: Dr. Michael Johnson Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical N Observatory CoI: Dr. Sunil Chandra North-West University Potchefstroom Campus N CoI: Dr. Stefanie Komossa Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie N CoI: Hope Boyce McGill University N CoI: Dr. Thomas Krichbaum Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie N CoI: Dr. Geoffrey Bower Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy N and Astrophysics CoI: Dr. Jaeyeong Kim Korea Astronomy and Space Science N Institute (KASI) CoI: Prof. Sera Markoff Universiteit van Amsterdam N CoI: Dr. Michael Nowak Washington University in St. Louis N CoI: Mr. George Wong University of Illinois at Urbana - N Champaign CoI: Dr. Marcos Santander University of Alabama N CoI: Dr. Alan P. Marscher Boston University N CoI: Dr. Mark Reynolds The Ohio State University N CoI: Mr. Chris Sheridan Villanova University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract On behalf of the EHT's Multiwavelength (MWL) Working Group, we propose a joint campaign on M87: 100 ks XMM, 4 orbits Hubble, and 100 ks NuSTAR. These observations will improve constraints on (1) the SED of M87 and its particle acceleration processes, as well as (2) the variability of the famous jet across the electromagnetic spectrum. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The goal of our HST program is to study the optical and UV variability of M87 in conjunction with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations. We are particularly interested in tracking the relative flux and SED changes of the core and the knot HST-1 over time. Our observations will occur in two pieces separated by roughly six months and consisting of two orbits each. The first piece should be coordinated with XMM and NuSTAR in June/July 2024; the second will be coordinated with XMM and NuSTAR in December 24/Jan 25. We adopt a modified version of the WFC3/UVIS observing strategy used for historical Hubble M87 monitoring (e.g. PI:Shara). In our analysis, comparable exposures produced to 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 2] 3-10% uncertainties on the core and HST-1 fluxes after subtracting the host galaxy contribution. The winter and summer observations are similar, with adjustments to compensate for varying orbital visibility of M87. Generally each consists of two orbits to acquire observations in F275W and F814W (orbit 1) and F390W and F606W (orbit 2) in ACCUM mode. For the summer visit to be coordinated with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton, the first orbit consists of three dithered 496 s exposures in F275W and two dithered 352 s exposures in F814W in ACCUM mode, for a total of 2192 s on source; the second orbit has 2x 571 s in F390W and 3x 349 s in F606W. ETC calculations are given for the nucleus and are approximate as they neglect the host galaxy. The remaining ~1 ks per orbit is covered by overhead (setup, readouts, filter changes, and dithering). We mitigate CTE with a flash to increase the background; sub-exposures reduce cosmic rays. Reduced visibility in March requires shorter exposures. The first orbit consists of three dithered 438 s exposures in F275W and two dithered 348 s exposures in F814W in ACCUM mode, for a total of 2046 s on source; the second orbit/visit has 2x 482 s in F390W and 3x348 s in F606W. Per our accepted XMM/HST/NuSTAR proposal, this visit should be scheduled within 1 day of a Chandra/EHT observation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M-87 GALAXY, ELLIPTICAL, RA=12H30M49.4149S, J2000 V = 8.63 JET, KNOT, NUCLEUS DEC=+12D23'28.21" Reference Frame: Other: SIMBAD Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2015.5 -5.480328945655651E-4 0.010734 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-GAP-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 2.414 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.759 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 0.145 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 46.84 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 5] Visit: 01 (Summer) Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This observation should be scheduled to overlap with XMM-Newton observations; the "between" requirement represents the window where XMM observations can occur. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W FLASH=21 1 450 S PATTERN 1 1 S (1350 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W FLASH=14 1 348 S (696 PATTERN 2 2 S S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F390W FLASH=21 1 515 S PATTERN 2 3 S (1030 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W FLASH=14 1 348 S PATTERN 1 4 S (1044 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W 1 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W 2 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W 3 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F390W 1 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F390W 2 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 2 none none none 2 N/A S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 3 none none none 2 N/A S 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (Winter) Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; BETWEEN 05-DEC-2024:10:42:00 AND 12-JAN-2025:08:49:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This observation should be scheduled to overlap with XMM-Newton observations; the "between" requirement represents the window where XMM observations can occur. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W FLASH=21 1 492 S PATTERN 1 1 S see below (1494 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W FLASH=14 1 348 S PATTERN 2 2 S see below (707 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F390W FLASH=21 1 562 S PATTERN 2 3 S see below (1132 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 M-87 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W FLASH=14 1 348 S PATTERN 1 4 S see below (1056 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W 1 none none none 1 498.0 S S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W 2 none none none 1 498.0 S S M-87 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F275W 3 none none none 1 498.0 S S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W 1 none none none 1 354.0 S S M-87 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F814W 2 none none none 1 353.0 S S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F390W 1 none none none 2 566.0 S S M-87 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F390W 2 none none none 2 566.0 S S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 1 none none none 2 352.0 S S M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 2 none none none 2 352.0 S S 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ M-87 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2 F606W 3 none none none 2 352.0 S S 17592( 4) - 10-Jul-2024 19:13:19 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 17592 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=14, FLASH=21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 05-DEC-2024:10:42:00 AND 12-JAN-2025:08:49:00, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 4, PATTERN 2 2, PATTERN 2 3, PCS MODE FINE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F275W, F390W, F606W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names M-87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------