17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17595 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title A X-ray through Radio Exo-Space Weather Campaign to Study the Young Sun, EK Dra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Kevin France University of Colorado at Boulder Y CoI: Dr. Vladimir Airapetian American University N CoI: Dr. Kosuke Namekata Kyoto University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The focus of the proposed study is the magnetic activity of the young (50 -125 Myr) Sun-like star, EK Draconis. This nearby star thought to be an ideal proxy of the infant Sun at a near-zero-age main-sequence epoch, when the Earth's atmosphere transitioned from the primary to the secondary nitrogen and carbon dioxide rich atmosphere. Thus, the knowledge of the stellar ionizing radiation in the form of quiescent and flare X-ray and EUV emission, stellar wind and CME pressure that can affect the atmospheric escape and its chemistry is of critical importance for the study of early Venus, Earth and Mars environments. EK Dra is the subject of a recently-approved multi-wavelength ground- and space-based observing campaign and we propose to obtain new HST far-UV (FUV) spectra and light curves and combine these with scheduled optical spectropolarimetry (SEIMEI), TESS, and NICER X-ray observations, while radio (GMRT) radio observations of EK Dra have been proposed. Most importantly, the contemporaneous nature of these observations will provide a physically consistent picture of the drivers and outputs of the magnetically driven stellar coronal and wind structures of infant suns. We will use these observations as inputs to a fully thermodynamic model of the corona-wind system of EK Dra using the AWSoM code. AWSoM will output the missing EUV and stellar wind parameters that are required to predict the atmospheric evolution of terrestrial planets orbiting young suns. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ FUV Spectra: The HST data will use COS with G130M, CENWAVE=1309 to record the emission lines of C III (117.5 nm), Si III (120.6 nm), N V (123.8nm), Fe XII (124.2, 134.9nm), C I (132.9nm), C II (133.5 nm), Fe XXI (135.4nm), O V (137.1nm), O IV] (140.1nm), and Si IV (139.4, 140.3 nm). To resolve the physical processes relevant to chromospheric and coronal heating, we require R ~ 15, 000. To constrain the stellar wind density of EK Dra, we require signal-to-noise ~ 10 at the peak of the O IV] 140.1 nm line. By comparing to archival HST FUV spectra of EK Dra (Ayres & France 2010; Ayres 2015), we estimate that three orbits per visit will be sufficient for detection of S/N 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 2] > 10 per resolution element in the peak of the density-sensitive O IV] features (COS.sp.1684389). We calculate S/N between 10 and 20 in the peak of several C I lines and the coronal iron lines, S/N between 20 and 30 in Si IV and N V, and S/N > 30 in Si III and C II. This highfidelity spectrum will allow us to identify temporal variability and will provide robust line-fit measurements of thermal and non-thermal widths and line kinematics. Given the observed UV flare rate from EK Dra, we expect to observe 2 - 3 multi-wavelength flares in a 12 orbit HST campaign (3 orbits per visits x 4 visits). Each 3-orbit visit is sufficient for a high-S/N stellar spectrum (see next sub-section) that will provide the quiescent stellar baseline and rotational modulation between flare events. Target Acquisition: We performed a quantitative ETC target acquisition calculation using the STScI online tools, we scaled observed solar-type star to an average magnitude of V = 7.6, and we find that an exposure time of approximately 3.2s are required (COS.ta.1684394), using an imaging target acquisition in BOA+MIRRORA. Instrument Safety: An ETC calculation using the observed EK Dra Lyman-alpha flux (the brightest stellar line in the FUV spectrum of EK Dra; Ayres et al. 2015), multiplied by 1.5 for conservatism, find no bright object violations using the COS G130M mode (COS.sp.1895208), therefore these observations present no risk to the instrument and are consistent with the COS 2025 observing guidelines. Coordinated Observations: Simultaneous observations from space- and ground-based telescopes using X-ray spectroscopy (NICER), optical spectroscopy/photometry (TESS, Seimei telescope), and radio telescope (GMRT) will complement the HST time. TESS will be pivotal for the calculation of global energies. These observatories have a long record of providing flexible scheduling to provide supporting ground-based observations for approved space-based flare campaigns. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-EK-DRA EXT-STAR, G V-IV RA=14H39M0.2104S +/- 0.01", J2000 V = V = 7.604 +/- 0.05 DEC=+64D17'29.98" +/- 0.01" -20.687 Reference Frame: ICRS Extended: NO Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 -0.020862772308151208 -0.037089 0.0290661 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; BETWEEN 27-MAR-2024:00:00:00 AND 14-APR-2024:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-EK-DRA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 5 S (5 S) GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2176 S G (2176 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=4 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-EK-DRA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE V-EK-DRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G V-EK-DRA 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G V-EK-DRA 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 12 H TO 48 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-EK-DRA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 5 S (5 S) GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2176 S G (2176 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=4 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-EK-DRA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE V-EK-DRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G V-EK-DRA 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G V-EK-DRA 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 02 BY 12 H TO 48 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-EK-DRA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 5 S (5 S) GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2176 S G (2176 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=4 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-EK-DRA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE V-EK-DRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G V-EK-DRA 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G V-EK-DRA 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 03 BY 12 H TO 48 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 V-EK-DRA COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA 1 5 S (5 S) GE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2176 S G (2176 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=4 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 V-EK-DRA COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3 1 2486 S G (2486 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V-EK-DRA 1 COS/NUV ACQ/IMA BOA MIRRORA none none none none 1 N/A GE V-EK-DRA 2 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 1 N/A G V-EK-DRA 3 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 2 N/A G V-EK-DRA 4 COS/FUV TIME-TA PSA G130M 1291 none none none none 3 N/A G 17595( 3) - 01-Feb-2024 20:15:18 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 17595 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures BOA, PSA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations COS/FUV, COS/NUV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/IMAGE, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1200, FP-POS=3, FP-POS=4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 01 BY 12 H TO 48 H, AFTER 02 BY 12 H TO 48 H, AFTER 03 BY 12 H TO 48 H, BETWEEN 27-MAR-2024:00:00:00 AND 14-APR-2024:00:00:00, SCHED 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G130M, MIRRORA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names V-EK-DRA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------