17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17715 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title The curious case of SDSS J1000+2233: a recoiling SMBH, a sub-parsec SMBH binary, or an unusual disk emitter? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Yue Shen University of Illinois at Urbana - Y Champaign CoI: Prof. Hengxiao Guo Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, CAS N CoI: Dr. Jennifer I. Li NCSA - University of Illinois N CoI: Prof. Michael Eracleous The Pennsylvania State University N CoI: Prof. Xin Liu University of Illinois at Urbana - Y Champaign ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract SDSS J1000+2233 is a broad-line quasar at z~0.4 with the peaks of its broad low-ionization lines blueshifted from the systemic velocity by ~8000 km/s, without obvious double-peaked broad line profiles characteristic of disk emitters. It represents one of the few best cases where a recoiling SMBH or a sub-parsec binary SMBH could be a viable interpretation of the blueshifted broad lines. We propose joint HST and Chandra observations to elucidate the nature of SDSS J1000+2233. HST WFC3 optical and IR imaging will potentially resolve spatically-offset nuclei supporting the scenario of a recoiling SMBH, and allow image decomposition to measure the properties of its host galaxy. HST STIS NUV spectroscopy will probe the broad UV emission line profiles to rule out (or confirm) the disk emitter scenario. Chandra X-ray imaging will pinpoint the location of the active SMBH to facilitate the HST imaging observations. The rejection or confirmation of the disk emitter hypothesis would provide valuable guidance for the searches of recoiling or binary SMBHs with kinematically-offset broad emission lines. Alternatively, detailed multi-wavelength coverage and host galaxy measurements will help understand the physical conditions leading to extreme broad line profiles that are rare even for disk emitters. The observations will have general implications for gravitational wave and multi-messenger astronomy, the understanding of galaxy evolution and SMBH formation, and/or astrophysical objects under extreme physical conditions. With a small investment of 6 HST hours and 25 ks of Chandra, the program could potentially confirm the general relativistic prediction of recoils from SMBH mergers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Overview: 1. We will use HST WFC3 to perform optical and near-IR imaging to potentially resolve close double nuclei at the 0.1" resolution, and to perform quasar-host imaging decomposition to derive host properties and stellar mass estimate from two-band color. 2. We will use HST STIS to obtain NUV spectroscopy to cover the UV broad emission lines from Ly to C III] to test the disk emitter scenario, and to 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 2] facilitate photoionization modeling. More specifically: 1. For the WFC3 imaging, we choose the UVIS channel with the F606W filter to cover the restframe ~4000--5000 Angstrom. This band roughly samples the rest-frame B band for our target and probes the young stellar population in the host. We also choose the IR channel with the F110W (wide J) filter, which roughly samples the rest-frame I band for our target and probes the old stellar population in the host (mostly the bulge). The quasar light is expected to be at a minimum at this wavelength to facilitate quasar-host decomposition. The two-band (UVIS+IR) observations, after proper quasar-host decomposition, provide rest-frame optical color for the host to allow an estimate of the mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and hence the host stellar mass, based on stellar population synthesis models. The choice of these two bands is such that complications with TP-AGB stars on host SED are not an issue for the M/L estimation. For the F110W observation, we will use the subarray to minimize overhead and avoid buffer dump. We will use the 4-step BOX dither between exposures to facilitate cosmic-ray and bad-pixel rejection, to better sample the PSF, and to improve the effective image resolution. For the F606W observations, we will use the full array to cover the largest field of view to include as many field stars as possible to register for absolute astrometry by comparing to deep ground based imaging from the DECal Legacy Survey. To achieve the best PSF possible with HST, desirable for identifying close double nuclei, we will adopt a 4-point dither pattern to over-sample the PSF. We use one orbit each in the WFC3 IR and UVIS bands to accommodate these dither patterns and to reach the depth desirable to detect faint extended host features. There are no field stars in the same field-of-view that are bright enough to use as PSF templates. For robust PSF modeling, we thus use a separate orbit to observe a bright white dwarf in addition to the WFC3 observations of the science target. We will combine the UVIS and IR observations in the same orbit, with the same filter configurations and dither patterns as for our science target. It is important to observe the PSF star in the same cycle to minimize the impact of instrument PSF variations across cycles. 2. NUV spectroscopy is used to explore the UV broad lines to test the disk emitter hypothesis. We choose STIS NUV-MAMA with the G230L grating for the broad spectral coverage from Lya to C III] in one setting. The moderate spectral resolution R~500 is sufficient to resolve the broad UV emission lines and their potential offset of ~8000 km/s. We will orient the 52"x0.2" slit to cover both nuclei should they be discovered from the WFC3 imaging, and therefore request the NUV spectroscopy to be taken at least 17 days (to allow time for analysis and resubmission of the observation and to be non-disruptive) after the WFC3 imaging for us to properly set up the slit position. 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 3] We use 3 orbits for the NUV spectroscopy taking into account an estimated overhead of 35 min (including initial guide-star acquisition 5.6 min, target acquisition 6.0 min, two additional automatic wavecal for series of identical exposures extending more than 40 min at 4.0 min each, and two guide-star reacquisitions at 3.7 min each, and additional overhead such as CR-split/buffer dump). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSSJ1000+22 GALAXY, QSO RA=10H00M21.8000S, J2000 Z = V = 18 NUV=19.72, r=18.44, H=15.8 33 DEC=+22D33'18.60" 0.4189 Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 EGGR-26 CALIBRATION, POINT RA=03H55M21.9900S, J2000 V = 14.506 J=14.831 SPREAD FUNCTION DEC=+09D47'18.14" Reference Frame: ICRS Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.011722247544470722 -0.005569 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 5] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 1.716 Line_Spacing 1.095 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 18.528 Angle_Between_Sides 74.653 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 0.15 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 6] Visit: 01 (SDSSJ1000+2233_WFC3_F110W_F606W) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSSJ1000+2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W NSAMP=10, SAMP-SEQ=STEP25 4 DEF PATTERN 1 1 233 CUM (2055.034 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSSJ1000+2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F606W FLASH=20 1 20 S (20 233 S 1C-CTE S) Comments: short exposure to help reconstruct the bright nucleus in case of saturation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSSJ1000+2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F606W 1 564 S PATTERN 2 3 233 S 1C-CTE (2256 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 4 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 4 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 4 none 1 N/A CUM 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 4 none 1 N/A CUM SDSSJ1000+2233 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W none none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1000+2233 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 1 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1000+2233 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 2 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1000+2233 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 3 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE SDSSJ1000+2233 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F606W 4 none none none 2 N/A S K1C-CTE 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 8] Visit: 03 (SDSSJ1000+2233_STIS_G230L) Visit Requirements: AFTER 01 BY 60.0 D TO 365.0 D; ON HOLD FOR 01 On Hold Comments: We will need to determine the slit position angle (to be specified in the visit orientation requirements) should two close nuclei were to be discovered from the WFC3 F606W imaging. Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSSJ1000+2 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE, CHECKBOX=51, 1 20 S (20 233 DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSSJ1000+2 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X0.2 G230L 2376 BUFFER-TIME=685 1 647 S PATTERN 3 2 233 -MAMA G (1294 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSSJ1000+2 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X0.2 G230L 2376 BUFFER-TIME=685 1 2600 S PATTERN 3 3 233 -MAMA G (5200 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SDSSJ1000+2233 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A SDSSJ1000+2233 2 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X0.2 G230L 2376 1 none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G SDSSJ1000+2233 2 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X0.2 G230L 2376 2 none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G SDSSJ1000+2233 3 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X0.2 G230L 2376 1 none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G SDSSJ1000+2233 3 STIS/NUV TIME-TA 52X0.2 G230L 2376 2 none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 9] Visit: 04 (PSF-EGGR26) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 EGGR-26 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F606W FLASH=20 1 7 S (28 S) PATTERN 2 1 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 EGGR-26 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W NSAMP=10, SAMP-SEQ=STEP25 3 DEF PATTERN 1 2 CUM (1541.276 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EGGR-26 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F606W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB EGGR-26 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F606W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB EGGR-26 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F606W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB EGGR-26 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F606W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 1 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 2 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 3 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 1 none 1 N/A CUM 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 10] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 2 none 1 N/A CUM EGGR-26 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IRSUB512 F110W 4 none 3 none 1 N/A CUM 17715( 4) - 05-Nov-2024 22:27:15 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 17715 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.2, F28X50LP, IRSUB512, UVIS2-C1K1C-CTE, UVIS2-C512C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/NUV-MAMA, WFC3/IR, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, MULTIACCUM, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE, BUFFER-TIME=685, CHECKBOX=51, DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID, FLASH=20, NSAMP=10, SAMP-SEQ=STEP25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 01 BY 60.0 D TO 365.0 D, ON HOLD FOR 01, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 2 1, PATTERN 2 3, PATTERN 3 2, PATTERN 3 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F110W, F606W, G230L, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names EGGR-26, SDSSJ1000+2233 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------