17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 17738 Version: 5 Check-in Time: 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Probing Magnetar Energy Input with the First Sample of Late-Time Superluminous Supernovae ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Peter Blanchard Harvard University Y CoI: Prof. Edo Berger Harvard University N CoI: Dr. Sebastian Gomez University of Texas at Austin N CoI: Dr. Daichi Hiramatsu Harvard University N CoI: Dr. Harsh Kumar Center for Astrophysics/Harvard N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Since the discovery of hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) over a decade ago, research has focused on identifying the source of their enormous luminosities that can reach up to a hundred times brighter than normal supernovae. Early on, it was realized that the standard radioactive decay model that powers normal supernovae is unable to explain these events. Since then, light curve modeling of large samples, spectral modeling of both early and late-time nebular spectra, and analyses of their dwarf host galaxies have pointed towards a scenario in which the spin-down of a newly-formed magnetar central engine provides energy that is thermalized in the SN ejecta and radiated in the UV/optical. Perhaps the best evidence in favor of this model are the recent HST observations of two events at 400-1100 days after peak that match the power-law decline predicted by magnetar energy input. These observations strongly motivate new observations of a large and diverse sample to measure the distribution of power-law slopes and assess whether the diversity evident in the early light curves of SLSNe correlates with diversity at late times. We therefore propose to observe 8 new SLSNe each at three epochs spread accross Cycles 32, 33, and 34 (plus one template observation of an old event). As the late-time optical light curve is highly sensitive to the thermalization of the magnetar's energy, a key goal is to compare our observations with recent radiative transfer simulations to infer properties of the magnetar wind nebulae, the region where the magnetar's energy is transfered to the ejecta. This will be the most comprehensive test to date of the magnetar model for SLSNe. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ In Cycle 32 we will observe 9 superluminous supernovae one time each in a single filter, 8 with WFC3/UVIS and one with ACS/WFC. Each visit will consist of a dithered observation (standard ACS or WFC3 dither pattern) in one filter lasting one orbit. We will observe 8 of these supernovae two additional times, once in Cycle 33 and a final epoch in Cycle 34. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2021AHPL EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=15H15M57.9400S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=-19D17'31.96" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2022AAWB EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=01H44M52.3800S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+23D00'43.85" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2022LXD EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=17H36M38.6830S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+61D33'18.66" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2022NPQ EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=16H21M3.7320S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+14D50'54.75" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2022XGC EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=07H12M41.8100S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+07D18'59.95" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2023AAFK EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=04H30M41.6710S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+02D56'42.89" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SN2023CMX EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=07H06M54.6500S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+37D58'35.54" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SN2023OUS EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=04H25M50.1000S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=-09D09'28.08" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 SN2016EAY EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=12H02M51.7000S, J2000 V = 26.0 DEC=+44D15'27.40" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 3] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-WFC-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.2637 Line_Spacing 0.1856 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 20.7 Angle_Between_Sides 69.02 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE-3PT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.135 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 46.84 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 4] Visit: 01 (SN2021ahpl Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2021AHPL WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F625W FLASH=2.0 1 559 S PATTERN 2 1 S 1C-CTE (2236 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2021AHPL 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F625W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2021AHPL 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F625W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2021AHPL 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F625W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2021AHPL 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F625W 4 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 5] Visit: 02 (SN2022aawb Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2022AAWB WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F775W FLASH=2.0 1 790 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2370 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2022AAWB 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022AAWB 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022AAWB 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 6] Visit: 03 (SN2022lxd Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2022LXD WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F850LP FLASH=10.0 1 820 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2460 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2022LXD 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F850LP 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022LXD 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F850LP 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022LXD 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F850LP 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 7] Visit: 04 (SN2022npq Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2022NPQ WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F775W FLASH=2.0 1 786 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2358 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2022NPQ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022NPQ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022NPQ 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 8] Visit: 05 (SN2022xgc Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2022XGC WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F775W FLASH=2.0 1 785 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2355 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2022XGC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022XGC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2022XGC 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 9] Visit: 06 (SN2023aafk Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2023AAFK WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F775W FLASH=2.0 1 784 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2352 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2023AAFK 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2023AAFK 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2023AAFK 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 10] Visit: 07 (SN2023cmx Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2023CMX WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F775W FLASH=2.0 1 795 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2385 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2023CMX 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2023CMX 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2023CMX 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 11] Visit: 08 (SN2023ous Epoch 1) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2023OUS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1K F775W FLASH=2.0 1 785 S PATTERN 3 1 S 1C-CTE (2355 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2023OUS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 1 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2023OUS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 2 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE SN2023OUS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C1 F775W 3 none none none 1 N/A S K1C-CTE 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 12] Visit: 09 (SN2016eay template) Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2016EAY ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F625W 1 470 S PATTERN 1 1 see below (1972 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2016EAY 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F625W 1 none none none 1 493.0 S SN2016EAY 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F625W 2 none none none 1 493.0 S SN2016EAY 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F625W 3 none none none 1 493.0 S SN2016EAY 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F625W 4 none none none 1 493.0 S 17738( 5) - 11-Feb-2025 21:54:58 - [ 13] Summary Form for Proposal 17738 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS2-C1K1C-CTE, WFC1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters FLASH=10.0, FLASH=2.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 2 1, PATTERN 3 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F625W, F775W, F850LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN2016EAY, SN2021AHPL, SN2022AAWB, SN2022LXD, SN2022NPQ, SN2022XGC, SN2023AAFK, SN2023CMX, SN2023OUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------