Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5215 Report Date: 18-Jul-95:17:04 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: THE MARTIAN SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID SOLAR SYSTEM GTO/WF2 2 Long Term yrs Sub Category INNER PLANETS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Dr. John T. Trauger 2370 USA (818) 354-9594 PROJECT SCIENTIST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract We propose to use WF/PC-II to make high-resolution observations of the surface and atmosphere of Mars. These observations will employ the new capabilities the WF/PC- II including the novel Linear Ramp Filters and improved FUV performance to place more stringent constraints on the atmospheric water, ozone, airborne dust, surface optical properties and iron mineralogy. We propose to conduct these observations during mid February 1995, when Mars is near opposition. The proposed observing period will overlap with the nominal mission of the Mars Observer spacecraft. The WF/PC-II UV, VIS, and NIR capabilities will complement the planned observations by the Mars Observer Camera (MOC), the Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR) and the Thermal emission Spectrometer (TES). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Scientific Key Words: MARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 5.17 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 1 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. Special sched req: Time Critical obs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5215 PI: Dr. John T. Trauger Proposal Title: THE MARTIAN SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pi John T. Trauger 2370 USA Con David Crisp 2370 USA Con John T. Clarke 2660 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Justification. We propose to use the HST WF/PC-II make high-spatial-resolution observations of the Martian surface and atmosphere to provide improved constraints on the atmospheric water, ozone, and dust, and the surface ferric and ferrous iron mineralogy. We will also take FUV observations of oxygen and hydrogen to determine their scale heights in the upper atmosphere, and elucidate the loss processes that control the evolution of the Martian atmosphere. These unique observations will compliment those expected from MO to yield a more comprehensive description of the Martian surface and atmosphere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. These FUV observations must be taken when Mars near opposition to yield high spatial resolution and minimum geocoronal background. Single orbit WFC images will be taken with F160W with and without F130LP to image the spatial structure in the airglow emissions. These long exposures will be taken to image the airglow emissions with the highest possible sensitivity. WF + F160W - one 1500 sec. image for limb haze and airglow WF + F160W + F130LP - one 1500 sec. image of scattered sunlight WF + F160W + F165LP - one 1000 sec. image of scattered sunlight WF + F336W - blue images to register planet position ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. Because Mars is a bright object, the exposures requested are mostly snapshots, that require far less than one minute. The number of exposures is dictated by the need to take observations of the entire surface of Mars in several filters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. Mars must be observed near opposition when it is closest to the Earth to obtain the best spatial resolution of surface and atmospheric features. Mars will pass through opposition for the first time after the WF/PC-II launch in mid February of 1995. All observations proposed here should be taken as close to this opposition as is possible (+/- 1 week). Once the observation sequence has started, all observations in the near-UV filter, VIS, and near-IR sequence must be completed as rapidly as possible, preferably within 2 HST orbits, since Mars rotates rapidly, and the images taken in different filters must be registered to satisfy the requirements of this program. In addition, this entire filter sequence must be repeated at least 4 times, separated by about 6 hours to image regions of Mars with sub-Earth longitudes that are separated by about 90 degrees. We expect low signal in the images with the far-UV Woods filter (F160W) and request that these be taken the earliest possible after a WFPC2 decontamination, as well as close to opposition in mid Feb 1995. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. OSF Line Number(s) Instrument Mode Special Calibration Requirement(s) ___________________ __________ _______________________________________ WF/PC- II Flat Cal-Channel UV Flats. WF/PC-II Flat Cal-Channel Vis/NIR flats ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. A comprehensive atmospheric/surface radiative transfer model has been developed to analyze the WF/PC-II observations. This model includes all radiative processes that operate on Mars, including absorption, emission, and multiple scattering by CO2, airborne dust and ice, and the surface. This model will be used to extract dust and water cloud optical depths and particle size distributions, and ozone abundances. These data will be combined with Mars Observer observations and used to calculate atmospheric heating and cooling rates, and the Eulearian-Mean-Residual transport circulation in the Martian atmosphere. These diagnostic analysis activities will yield atmospheric temperatures, constituent distributions, and transport rates needed for more comprehensive dynamical and chemical models of the Martian atmosphere. Images of the surface of Mars will be used to construct global maps of the surface iron mineralogy. These maps will be combined with Mars Observer TES observations to yield a more comprehensive description of the iron distribution and oxidation state on the Martian surface. These analysis activities will utilize tools that were recently developed for the interpretation of Mariner 9 IRIS observations of Mars, and ground-based near-infrared observations of Venus and Mars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. These observations must be taken as close to the mid-February 1995 Mars opposition as is possible. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. No. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). As a members of the WF/PC-II Science Team, we have access to the facilities provided by the WF/PC-II Science Data Analysis Facility. We also have funding for our salaries, and that of a Postdoctoral Fellow, who will assist in the planning and analysis activities. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: JOHN T. TRAUGER Category: PI Institution: 2370 Address: MS 179-225 4800 OAK GROVE AVENUE City: PASADENA State: CA Zip Code: 91009 Country: USA Telephone: (818) 354-9594 Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ID = 5215 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: MARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET MARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD = MARS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | WND1 = 1-FEB-95:00:00:00 TO | 28-FEB-95:00:00:00 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V = -1 +/- 0.001 | OBSERVATIONS TAKEN AS CLOSE AS 2 |F(3750)=1.5 E-11, F(2250)=9.5 E-13 | POSSIBLE TO FEBRUARY 15, 1995 3 |F(3360)=1.3 E-11 | OPPOSITION. 4 |F(5450)=7.7 E-11, F(6000)=1.1 E-10 | 5 |F(6500)=1.1 E-10, F(7400)=1.1 E-10 | 6 |F(8600)=8.2 E-11, F(9000)=7.5 E-11 | 7 |F(9500)=7.0 E-11, F(9800)=6.6 E-11 | 8 |F(10420)=6.0 E-11 | 9 |SIZE = 13.8 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 | TARGET NAME: MARS-PATHFINDER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET MARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD = MARS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | WND1 = 1-FEB-95:00:00:00 TO | 28-FEB-95:00:00:00 | CML OF MARS FROM EARTH | BETWEEN 13 53 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REF | DATA | COMMENTS | | 1 |V = -1 +/- 0.001 | OBSERVATIONS TAKEN AS CLOSE AS 2 |F(3750)=1.5 E-11, F(2250)=9.5 E-13 | POSSIBLE TO FEBRUARY 15, 1995 3 |F(3360)=1.3 E-11 | OPPOSITION. 4 |F(5450)=7.7 E-11, F(6000)=1.1 E-10 | 5 |F(6500)=1.1 E-10, F(7400)=1.1 E-10 | 6 |F(8600)=8.2 E-11, F(9000)=7.5 E-11 | 7 |F(9500)=7.0 E-11, F(9800)=6.6 E-11 | 8 |F(10420)=6.0 E-11 | 9 |SIZE = 13.8 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5215 [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.01 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 3.00S 100 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 3.60S 3 SEQ 1.010-1.030 NON-INT Comments: OBSERVE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF PC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.02 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F255W ATD-GAIN=7 1 160S 100 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 170S 2 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. CO2 AND H2O CLOUD, SURFACE FROST AND OZONE MONITORING. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.03 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F1042M ATD-GAIN=15 1 1.0S 100 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 1.1S 8 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR THE FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OLIVINE BAND OBSERVATION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.04 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 5450 ATD-GAIN=15 1 1.0S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 1.1S 4 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 5500 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.05 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 6060 ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.7S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 0.7S 4 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN AS ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 6000 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.06 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 6500 ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.26S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 0.26S 5 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 6500 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF3. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.07 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 7400 ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.26S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 0.26S 5 Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 7500 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5215 [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.08 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 8600 ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.40S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 0.46S 6 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 8600 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.09 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 9000 ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.60S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 0.64S 6 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 9000 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.1 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 9530 ATD-GAIN=15 1 1.0S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 1.0S 7 Comments: OBSERVATIONS ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 9500 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.11 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE LRF LRF 9730 ATD-GAIN=15 1 1.4S 200 1 1 PCS MODE F FEIMAGE 1.4S 7 Comments: OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. POINTING AT CENTER OF 9800 ANGSTROM REGION ON WF2. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.1 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.60S 90 1 1 PCS MODE F HAZEIMA 0.60S 3 GE Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. REGISTRATION IMAGE FOR 2.1 AND 2.3. FIRST REGISTRATION IMAGE FOR 2.2-2.4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.2 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE F160BN1 F160BN15 ATD-GAIN=7 1 1500S 1 1 DARK TIME /2.2 HAZEIMA 5 CR-SPLIT=NO PCS MODE F GE Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. THE EARLIEST POSSIBLE AFTER A WFPC2 DECONTAMINATION. OBSERVATION OF H LY ALPHA, HAZE , AND AIRGLOW. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5215 [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.3 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE F160BN1 F160BN15, ATD-GAIN=7 1 1500S 1 1 PCS MODE F HAZEIMA 5 F130LP CR-SPLIT=NO GE Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OBSERVATION OF OI 1304 ANGSTROMS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.4 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE F160BN1 F160BN15, ATD-GAIN=7 1 1000S 1 1 PCS MODE F HAZEIMA 5 F165LP CR-SPLIT=NO GE Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OBSERVATION OF SCATTERED SOLAR LIGHT LONGWARDS OF 1650 A. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.5 DEFINE # WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 0.60S 90 1 1 PCS MODE F HAZEIMA 0.60S 3 GE Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. REGISTRATION IMAGE FOR 2.1 AND 2.3. SECOND REGISTRATION IMAGE FOR 2.2-2.4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 USE MARS- CYCLE 4 FEIMAGE PATHFINDER AT 15-FEB-1995 +/- 14D Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OBSERVATIONS ON LINENUMBERS 10, 11, 12 AND 13 SEPARATED BY 90 DEGREES IN MARTIAN LONGITUDE FOR GLOBAL COVERAGE. MARS- PATHFINDER USED FOR ONE OF 10- 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 USE MARS CYCLE 4 FEIMAGE AFTER 10 BY 6.2H + /- 0.5H Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OBSERVATIONS ON LINENUMBERS 10, 11, 12, AND 13 SEPARATED BY 90 DEGREES IN MARTIAN LONGITUDE FOR GLOBAL COVERAGE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5215 [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 USE MARS CYCLE 4 FEIMAGE AFTER 10 BY 12.4H +/- 0.5H Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OBSERVATIONS ON LINENUMBERS 10, 11, 12, AND 13 SEPARATED BY 90 DEGREES IN MARTIAN LONGITUDE FOR GLOBAL COVERAGE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 USE MARS CYCLE 4 FEIMAGE AFTER 10 BY 18.6H +/- 0.5H Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. OBSERVATIONS ON LINENUMBERS 10, 11, 12, AND 13 SEPARATED BY 90 DEGREES IN MARTIAN LONGITUDE FOR GLOBAL COVERAGE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 USE MARS CYCLE 4 HAZEIMA SEQ 2.1-2.5 NO GAP GE AT 15-FEB-1995 +/- 14D Comments: OBSERVATION TAKEN ON OR NEAR FEBRUARY 15, 1995 OPPOSITION. THIS SEQUENCE SHOULD BE EXECUTED AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE FEIMAGE SEQUENCE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5215 [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ATD-GAIN=15 ATD-GAIN=7 CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GTO/WF2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 5.17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category SOLAR SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category INNER PLANETS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PCS MODE F; SEQ 1.010-1.030 NON-INT PCS MODE F DARK TIME /2.2; CYCLE 4; AT 15-FEB-1995 +/- 14D AFTER 10 BY 6.2H +/- 0.5H AFTER 10 BY 12.4H +/- 0.5H AFTER 10 BY 18.6H +/- 0.5H SEQ 2.1-2.5 NO GAP; AT 15-FEB-1995 +/- 14D; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F336W F255W F1042M LRF F160BN15 F160BN15,F130LP F160BN15,F165LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names MARS MARS-PATHFINDER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------