Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5307 Report Date: 18-Jul-95:17:07 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: THE ATMOSPHERE AND WIND OF A NEARBY K SUPERGIANT : CYCLE4 MEDIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID COOL STARS GO Sub Category STELLAR ATMOSPHERES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Richard D Robinson COMPUTER SCIENCES CORPORATIO USA (301) 286-4530 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract We propose observations of the non-coronal K5 II star lambda Vel using the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS). This proposal addresses the unsolved problems of non-radiative heating and wind acceleration in cool star atmospheres. We propose to obtain spectra of (a) optically thin emission lines sensitive both to electron density and to mass motions, (b) Fe II lines strategically selected to sample wide ranges of optical depth and excitation temperature within the chromosphere and wind, (c) the chromospheric "continuum" and CO absorption systems which will help to constrain physical conditions in cooler atmospheric components and (d) the Mg II and O I resonance lines to study the wind and interstellar absorption profiles. The best available IUE data, in conjunction with radiative transfer calculations, have provided clues to the atmospheric characteristics. The GHRS is needed to obtain the high quality data necessary for us to construct a realistic, semi-empirical, spherically symmetric model atmosphere. A major aim is to compare the atmospheric and wind structure derived for lambda Vel with that determined from HST eclipse spectra of the zeta Aur binary system, whose primary has very similar physical parameters to lambda Vel. Until now, the binary systems have provided the only reliable method of determining wind acceleration pro* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 5.97 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 1 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5307 PI: Richard D Robinson Proposal Title: THE ATMOSPHERE AND WIND OF A NEARBY K SUPERGIANT : CYCLE4 MEDIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Richard D Robinson 1780 USA Kenneth G Carpenter 2866 USA Phil G Judge 2892 USA Graham Harper 1764 USA Glenn M Wahlgren 1780 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. The program used the GHRS to observe the star lambda Vel. The requested exposures are: Central GHRS grating Wavelength(s) Aperture Exposure Time(s) Strong Features G160M 1304 SSA 45 min O I / S I G200M 1908, 1994 SSA 20 , 20 min C III/C I] G270M 2345 SSA 45 min C II]/Si II] G270M 2605, 2720, 2758 SSA 10, 10, and 10 min Fe II G270M 2670, 2807 SSA 10, 10 min Al II]/FeII/MgII/FeI ECH-B 2596, 2799, 2847 SSA 10, 10, 10 min Fe II/MgII/FeI/MgI The G160M and G200M exposures will be used to measure the far-UV continuum, as well as the specified spectral lines. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The data required for this program consist of UV spectra not obtainable from the ground. Long duration, high resolution IUE exposures of this object have been taken by several observers. These data provide valuable information about the general character of the star and will be used during the analysis of the HST data. However, they lack the quality to allow investigation of either the turbulence or the flows in the atmosphere. SV and GTO observations clearly demonstrate the increased sensitivity, wavelength resolution, dynamic range and S/N characteristics of the GHRS over that obtainable with the IUE (Carpenter et al. 1991, Ap.J. (letters), 377, L45.). Overall, the GHRS is the only current instrument capable of providing us with the very high precision line profiles, fluxes, and absolute velocities required for our program. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. NONE Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. We require the highest possible wavelength accuracy in order to measure absolute flow velocities in the chromosphere, wind and circumstellar shell of our target star (down to the 1 km/sec level in the medium and echelle observations) as well as aiding in the identification of the many weak features we expect in the low resolution data. Experience with SV and SAO data (Carpenter et al. 1991, HST Workshop) has demonstrated that the default calibration will produce uncertainties of up to 3 diodes due to magnetic and thermal drifts within the spectrograph. Using internal Pt lamp spectra taken during the SPYBAL procedures we can estimate the amount of drift and can therefore reduce the degree of uncertainty to about 0.5 diodes. To obtain the greatest possible wavelength accuracy we require dedicated WAVECAL exposures using the internal Pt lamps to be connected to each GHRS science exposure. Experience has shown that with care calibrations good to 0.1 diode can be obtained using these exposures. For best results the wavelength calibrations must be taken at the same carrousel position and close in time to the science exposures to remove uncertainties caused by the geomagnetic (GIMP) and thermal drifts which move the image around on the GHRS photocathode. Long exposures must also broken into time sequences of 5 minute integrations so that the drifts can be identified and corrected. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. NONE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. GTO 1195: Outer Atmospheres of Cool Luminous Stars - Cycle 0 (Alpha Ori) 3212: Outer Atmospheres of Cool Luminous Stars - Cycle 1 (Gamma Cru) GTO 1198: Physical Conditions and Velocity Structures in the Red Giant 3934: Winds in the Binaries CI Cyg and EG And - Cycle 2 (2 targets) GTO 1199: Alpha Ori Team Project - Cycle 1 These proposals represent the GTO science program, as adjusted for spherical abberation, of GHRS IDT Co-I K. Carpenter. Programs 1195, 3212, and 1199 are related to this proposal. Proposals 1198 & 3934 are studies of symbiotic stars and not directly related to the current proposal. SAO program 3023 (Alpha Tau) observations have been used to assess the feasibility of programs such as these which involve observations of narrow emission-line sources (see the Ap.J. reference below). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). CSC personnel have access to VAX mainframe computers and peripherals at several sites for basic data reduction and analysis. Data analysis software, including STSDAS and spectral analysis packages based on the Interactive Data Language (IDL) are also available. There are a large number of astronomers at CSC available for expert advice to an investigator on observational techniques, detector calibration, data analysis, and theoretical modeling. CSC also provides a pool of research assistants and data technicians as well as administrative and secretarial support for research programs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: RICHARD D ROBINSON Category: PI Institution: 1780 Address: CODE 681/CSC GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER City: GREENBELT State: MD Zip Code: 20771 Country: USA Telephone: (301) 286-4530 Telex (or e-mail): HRS::HRSROBINSON ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 5307 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD78647 A, RA = 09H 07M 59.776S +/- 2000 V=+18.0 1 V=2.21+/-0.1, TYPE=K5IB LAMBDA-VEL 140 0.01S, 2 B-V=1.66 DEC = -43D 25' 57.38" +/- 3 F-LINE(1300)=5+/-3 E-13 0.1" 4 F-CONT(2000)=10+/-5 E-15 5 F-CONT(2300)=10+/-3 E-14 6 F-CONT(2700)=10+/-3 E-13 7 F-CONT(2800)=10+/-2 E-13 8 F-LINE(2800)=50+/-10 E-12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5307 [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD78647 HRS ACQ 2.0 MIRROR-N2 LOCATE=YES 1 5.0S 1 1 CYCLE 4 / 1.0-14.5 BRIGHT=RETURN ONBOARD ACQ FOR SEARCH-SIZE=5 2.0 SEQ 1-3 Comments: STEP-TIME=0.2S , EXPECT 10,000 COUNTS IN STEP TIME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HD78647 HRS ACQ/ 0.25 MIRROR-N2 SEARCH-SIZE=5 1 5.0S 1 1 CYCLE 4 PEAKUP ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.0-14.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G160M 1304 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 3.5 NO SLEW SEQ 3.0-3.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G160M 1304 STEP-PATT=5 5 9M 20 3 1 CYCLE 4 45S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G200M 1908 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 4.5 NO SLEW SEQ 4.0-4.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G200M 1908 STEP-PATT=5 2 10M 9 4 1 CYCLE 4 20M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G200M 1994 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 5.5 NO SLEW SEQ 5.0-5.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G200M 1994 STEP-PATT=5 2 10M 10 4 1 CYCLE 4 20M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G270M 2345 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 6.5 NO SLEW SEQ 6.0-6.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2345 STEP-PATT=5 5 9M 55 5 1 CYCLE 4 45M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G270M 2605 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 7.5 NO SLEW SEQ 7.0-7.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2605 STEP-PATT=5 1 10M 70 6 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5307 [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G270M 2720 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 8.5 NO SLEW SEQ 8.0-8.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2720 STEP-PATT=5 1 10M 70 6 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G270M 2758 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 9.5 NO SLEW SEQ 9.0-9.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2758 STEP-PATT=5 1 10M 70 7 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G270M 2670 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 10.5 NO SLEW SEQ 10.0-10.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2670 STEP-PATT=5 1 10M 80 6 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 G270M 2807 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 11.5 NO SLEW SEQ 11.0-11.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 G270M 2807 STEP-PATT=5 1 10M 80 7 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 ECH-B 2596 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 12.5 NO SLEW SEQ 12.0-12.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 ECH-B 2596 STEP-PATT=7 1 10M 70 6 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 ECH-B 2799 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 13.5 NO SLEW SEQ 13.0-13.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 ECH-B 2799 STEP-PATT=7 1 10M 100 8 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5307 [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 WAVE HRS ACCUM SC2 ECH-B 2847 STEP-PATT=3 1 30S 1 CYCLE 4 CALIB FOR 14.5 NO SLEW SEQ 14.0-14.5 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.5 HD78647 HRS ACCUM 0.25 ECH-B 2847 STEP-PATT=7 1 10M 70 7 1 CYCLE 4 10M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5307 [ 8] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACQ/PEAKUP ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters LOCATE=YES BRIGHT=RETURN SEARCH-SIZE=5 STEP-PATT=3 STEP-PATT=5 STEP-PATT=7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 5.97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category COOL STARS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category STELLAR ATMOSPHERES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 4 / 1.0-14.5 ; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 2.0 ; SEQ 1-3 ; CYCLE 4; ONBOARD ACQ FOR 3.0-14.5 CALIB FOR 3.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 3.0-3.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 4.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 4.0-4.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 5.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 5.0-5.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 6.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 6.0-6.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 7.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 7.0-7.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 8.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 8.0-8.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 9.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 9.0-9.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 10.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 10.0-10.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 11.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 11.0-11.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 12.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 12.0-12.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 13.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 13.0-13.5 NO GAP ; CALIB FOR 14.5 NO SLEW ; SEQ 14.0-14.5 NO GAP ; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR-N2 G160M G200M G270M ECH-B ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD78647 LAMBDA-VEL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------