Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5400 Report Date: 18-Jul-95:17:18 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: THE STARBURST GALAXY NGC 5102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID GALAXIES & CLUSTERS GO Sub Category STARBURSTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Kenneth C Freeman MT STROMLO AND SIDING SPRING AUSTRALIA 61 6 2490264 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract NGC 5102 is a nearby (4 Mpc) galaxy of classical SO appearance which has undergone a recent starburst in its nucleus, bulge and disk. Because it is so close, it provides a unique opportunity to investigate the IMF of a typical starburst, the mass of starburst matter relative to the underlying older population, and the effect of the starburst on the largescale structure of this galaxy. WFPC2 images will be used to derive the luminosity function and IMF for the starburst matter in three regions of NGC 5102, at different distances from the nucleus. In the inner high surface brightness region, the crucial massive end of the mass function (stars more massive than 8 M_sun) is accessible. In the outer disk, where the surface brightness is lower, we will be able to derive the mass function for stars more massive than 5 M_sun. This proposal is part of a larger program on this important galaxy, involving extensive groundbased optical and radio observations. The HST is required for its high spatial resolution, which enables faint stars of the starburst to be detected against the high background surface brightness of this galaxy. This proposal was accepted for Cycle 1 (#2436) but was not retained when the Cycle 1 program was reassessed because of the primary mirror flaw. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 10.20 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 4 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5400 PI: Kenneth C Freeman Proposal Title: THE STARBURST GALAXY NGC 5102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kenneth C Freeman 4140 AUSTRALIA Colin A Norman 2380 USA Nicholas Z Scoville 1590 USA Peter J Quinn 4140 AUSTRALIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. The observations will be made with the PC because its small pixel size is needed for adequate S/N ratio in the high surface brightness inner regions of NGC 5102. The WFC data obtained at the same time will have lower S/N ratio in the inner regions of NGC 5102 but will be useful in the outer regions where the diffuse surface brightness is not so high. We will use the F450W and F569W filters, because they provide satisfactory transformations to the standard BV system amd they give the best S/N ratio for observations of our blue stars against the redder diffuse background of this galaxy. The first field is centered on the nucleus of NGC 5102, for the purpose of deriving the luminosity function in the inner bulge region. A total exposure of 3000 sec in each filter will give a S/N ratio larger than 3 for early type stars with V = 26 at 3 arcsec from the nucleus, and correspondingly fainter at larger distances. The 3000 sec exposure will be split into two equal parts to minimize blooming from foreground stars and to allow discrimination of the fainter cosmic ray events. The nucleus itself will produce blooming and local saturation, but the amount of field so affected is negligible. The second and third fields are centered at about 66 and 132 arcsec from the nucleus, along the major axis towards the SW. The 66 arcsec center is located in the transition region between the bulge and disk, and the 132 arcsec field lies in disk. The field centers have been chosen to minimize the number of stars in the PC field that are bright enough to cause blooming, and the field area affected by blooming will be negligible. We have also chosen a field outside the galaxy, to be observed in an identical way to the first three fields, in order to derive accurately the local Galactic background luminosity function. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. The HST is required for this program, because its high spatial resolution allows photometry of faint stars against the background surface brightness distribution of this galaxy. From the ground, such photometry is so limited that our program would be impossible. For example, even in the disk of NGC 5102, where the surface brightness is about 21.2 B mag arcsec**-2, the limiting magnitude from the ground would be about B = 24.5, and only a very restricted portion of the upper end of the mass function would be observable (about 16 to 40 M_sun). However, the innermost parts of NGC 5102 are particularly important, because of the likely connection of starbursts and bulge formation, and in these regions groundbased work is impossible. For example, at about 5 arcsec from the nucleus, the background surface brightness is about 18.5 B mag arcsec**-2, and the faintest stars that could be detected under the best groundbased conditions would have B = 22. (We recall that the brightest stars that have been detected in the disk of NGC 5102 have B = 22) GTO PC observations of the nucleus of NGC 5102 (program numbers 1118/3229) with the F555W and F785LP filters have quite different science goals from ours. These filters are not optimal for studying the luminosity function of the starburst, and the exposure times are too short to be of significant use for this work. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. We would like the B and V images for each field to be taken at the same orientation, to allow matching of the B and V images. From field to field, the orientation need not be the same. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. The Environments of Starburst Galaxies, C. Norman, 2644 Disk and Halo Globular Clusters in the Edge-on Spiral galaxy NGC 5170, K. Freeman, 3532 Quasar Absorption Line Studies of Starburst Galaxy Environments, C. Norman, 3676 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). The data analysis capabilities of our institutions will be used for data analysis. The software and most of the hardware is already available and in use. Graduate students at MSSSO and JHU will work on particular aspects of this project. Australian radio and optical facilities (the Australia Telescope, MSSSO 2.3-m telescope, AAT) will be used for the associated ground based observations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: KENNETH C FREEMAN Category: PI Institution: 4140 Address: MOUNT STROMLO AND SIDING SPRING OBSERVATORIES PRIVATE BAG, WESTON CREEK PO City: CANBERRA State: AC Zip Code: 2611 Country: AUSTRALIA Telephone: 61 6 2490264 Telex (or e-mail): KCF@MSO.ANU.EDU.AU ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: Category: CON Institution: Address: City: State: Zip Code: Country: Telephone: Telex (or e-mail): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 5400 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC5102- E,302,318,928 RA = 13H 19M 07.2S +/- 1950 1 V=26.0 +/- 0.5 FIELD1 0.15S, 1 B-V=-0.2 +/- 0.1 DEC = -36D 22' 09" +/- 2" 2 E(B-V)=0.1 +/- 0.05 3 SURF-BKG(V) = 17.4 +/- 0.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC5102- E,302,318,928 RA = 13H 19M 03.5S +/- 1950 1 V=26.0 +/- 0.5 FIELD2 0.15S, 1 B-V=-0.2 +/- 0.1 DEC = -36D 22' 59" +/- 2" 2 E(B-V)=0.1 +/- 0.05 3 SURF-BKG(V) = 20.7 +/- 0.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NGC5102- E,302,318,928 RA = 13H 18M 59.2S +/- 1950 1 V=26.0 +/- 0.5 FIELD3 0.15S, 1 B-V=-0.2 +/- 0.1 DEC = -36D 23' 40" +/- 2" 2 E(B-V)=0.1 +/- 0.05 3 SURF-BKG(V) = 21.9 +/- 0.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 NGC5102- J,702,E,302,318,928 RA = 13H 19M 32.7S +/- 1950 1 V=26.0 +/- 0.5 FIELD4 0.15S, 1 B-V=-0.2 +/- 0.1 DEC = -36D 21' 37" +/- 2" 2 E(B-V)=0.1 +/- 0.05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5400 [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W 4520 CR- 4 900S 5 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD1 TOLERANCE=0.0 3600S 2 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F569W 5623 CR- 4 1000S 4 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD1 TOLERANCE=0.0 4000S 2 SAME ORIENT FOR 2 3 AS 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W 4520 CR-SPLIT=NO 3 1100S 9 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD2 3000S 2 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F569W 5623 CR-SPLIT=NO 3 1100S 8 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD2 3000S 2 SAME ORIENT FOR 4 3 AS 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W 4520 CR-SPLIT=NO 3 1100S 9 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD3 3000S 2 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F569W 5623 CR-SPLIT=NO 3 1100S 9 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD3 3000S 2 SAME ORIENT FOR 6 3 AS 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W 4520 CR-SPLIT=NO 3 1100S 9 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD4 3000S 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 NGC5102- WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F569W 5623 CR-SPLIT=NO 3 1100S 9 1 1 CYCLE 4 FIELD4 3000S 2 SAME ORIENT FOR 8 AS 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5400 [ 6] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-TOLERANCE=0.0 CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 10.20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category GALAXIES & CLUSTERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category STARBURSTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 4; SAME ORIENT FOR 2 AS 1; SAME ORIENT FOR 4 AS 3; SAME ORIENT FOR 6 AS 5; SAME ORIENT FOR 8 AS 7; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F450W F569W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC5102-FIELD1 NGC5102-FIELD2 NGC5102-FIELD3 NGC5102-FIELD4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------