Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5402 Report Date: 18-Jul-95:17:18 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: MULTIPLE ARC SYSTEMS IN X-RAY SELECTED CLUSTERS: CYCLE4MEDIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID GALAXIES & CLUSTERS GO Sub Category CLUSTERS/LENSES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Isabella M. Gioia 2192 USA 808-956-9845 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract We propose to observe two X-ray luminous clusters of galaxies MS0440.5+0204 and MS2137.3-2353 which contain multiple gravitationally lensed arc systems. The high resolution of WFPC-2 will allow us to accurately determine the masses for the lensing clusters and to do detailed reconstruction of the lensing sources through lensing models that we have developed. Since the magnification factor along the arcs is greater than 10, a 0.1 arcsec detail will represent a 0.01 arcsec detail in the source, which corresponds to 100 pc at redshift z = 1 (Ho=50 km/s/Mpc). This resolution cannot be obtained by any other means. The HST observations will be complemented by ROSAT HRI and Astro-D observations of the same clusters, and will allow us to compare the properties of the lensing mass as determined from the optical data with the mass of the cluster potential as derived from the X-ray observations. The two methods are independent ways of studying the mass distribution, each one providing strong constraints. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 15.00 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 0 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5402 PI: Isabella M. Gioia Proposal Title: MULTIPLE ARC SYSTEMS IN X-RAY SELECTED CLUSTERS: CYCLE4MEDIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Isabella M. Gioia 2192 USA Gerard A. Luppino 2192 USA Francois Hammer 1640 USA Olivier Lefevre 1640 USA Edward J. Shaya 2620 USA James T. Annis 1990 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. The Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2 will be used to observe the gravitationally lensed arcs in the clusters of galaxies MS0440.5+0204 and MS2137.3-2353. We have already detected the arcs using ground based telescopes. The WFPC-2 will allows us to reach the very high resolution needed for the modeling of the lensing sources. Consequently the data will be obtained in FULL mode. The best performance CCD has been chosen since at the redshift of the clusters they both fit very nicely inside the circa 1' x 1' FOV of WF3. We will use the additional time awarded to us during the phase I review to go deeper in each field rather than to observe through different filters. Since we already have colors from ground based observations we will use only the "Wide R" filter and try to detect the fainter arcs. The planned observations are quite straightforward, requiring blind acquisition at two single well determined positions. They will consist of 1 x 2200s exposure (splitted in half to identify cosmic ray events) per orbit for 20 orbits for a total observing time of 5.5 hours for MS0440.5+0204 and 6.2 hours for MS2137.3-2353. To ensure proper flux calibration, a red standard star needs to be observed. We plan to examine the data from the first 3 orbits for each cluster and have a waiting period of about 50 days before the rest of the data is taken. This will allow us to make small changes and to optimize exposure times, CR-SPLITting, etc. Consequently we have chosen the NO GAP mode for the first 3 orbits and no restriction for the remaining exposures to be taken about 7 weeks after the 1st orbit. We also require the same orientation for each cluster and offsets of 1 to 3 arcsec in X and Y to remove possible effects of bad pixels, bad columns, undersampling, etc. To reach our scientific goals involving detection of very thin and very faint arcs down to mu(R)~/=24-25, we have to remove all the possible instrumental and cosmic ray effects. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. We have used the Tektronix 2048x2048 CCD at the f/10 focus of the University of Hawaii 2.2 meter telescope on Mauna Kea (0.22"/pix) and the High Resolution Camera on the CFHT equipped with SAIC-2 1024x1024 CCD with 0.13 arcsec pixel for MS0440.5+0204. MS2137.3-2353 has been observed at CFHT with FOCam (scale=0.206"/pix), and at ESO NTT and 3.6m telescopes by 2 Co-I's of this proposal (FH and OL) in collaboration with the Toulouse group. Exposures have been taken in BVRI filters. Even with seeing as good as 0.5" (FWHM), some arc images are unresolved. HST is clearly the only telescope capable of carrying out the proposed observations. The high resolution of HST/WFPC-2 is critical for this experiment. Besides the already known arcs, HST may reveal yet undetected arclets since we expect them to be thin and short. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. We need flat fields with the WFPC-2 for the F702W filter. As well as a PSF observation made by a short exposure of a single bright star in the F702W filter. It is our understanding that these will be made available by the HST team. A red standard star needs also to be observed through the same filter to ensure proper flux calibration. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. The data obtained with HST will be reduced on a SUN workstation at the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, using IRAF and/or VISTA. Each one of the investigators has a considerable experience reducing astronomical images with one or both of these packages. A key measurement parameter will be the elongation ratio of gravitaional lens arclets where the short axis dimension will be near the HST resolution limit. A major part of the interpretation rests with the gravitational lens modeling. The modeling software has been developed and is being improved in collaboration with astronomers at the Observatoire de Meudon. It will be tested and run at the Institute for Astronomy, the home institution of the PI and one of the Co-I's. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. Only one of the proposers (E. Shaya) has been previously working with HST data. He is a member of the WFPC-1 GTO team and has been heavily involved in the data reductions. His work has contributed to the publication of nine papers in either the Astron. J. or the Astrophys. J. The science relationship of his previous work with this proposal has been with the paper "Imaging of the Gravitation Lens System PG1115+080 with the Hubble Space Telescope" submitted to the Astron. Journal. This study involved the measurement of accurate positions and relative intensities of lensed images of quasars and fits to gravitational lens models. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). A key resource at the Institute for Astronomy is access to ground-based telescopes for complementary studies. In particular, multi-band imaging and spectroscopy will be pursued - two vital ingredients along with the high resolution HST images for the modeling. A network of public and private SUN workstations are connected by ethernet at the Institute for Astronomy. However, the public disk capacity and the public workstations are heavily subscribed. To reduce and analyze the HST data in a timely and efficient manner, funding is requested through this proposal for the purchase of a workstation and a 2 Gbyte SCSI disk. The Institute provides support for all publication requirements including graphics capabilities. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: Isabella M. Gioia Category: PI Institution: 2192 Address: Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii 2680 Woodlawn Drive City: Honolulu State: HI Zip Code: 96822 Country: USA Telephone: 808-956-9845 Telex (or e-mail): gioia@galileo.ifa.hawaii.edu FAX 808-988- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 5402 [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MS0440.5+020 F,404,411,409,920 RA = 04H 40M 33.8S +/- 0.1S, 1950 Z=0.19 1 SURF(R) = 23.9 +/- 0.2 4 GAL-CLUS- DEC = 02D 04' 47.5" +/- 1.0" 2 V = 22.1 +/- 0.2 044033+02044 2 SURF(V) = 24.2 +/- 0.2 7 2 B-V = 0.8 +/- 0.2 2 E(B-V) = 0.09 +/- 0.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MS2137.3- F,404,411,409,911 RA = 21H 37M 23.7S +/- 0.1S, 1950 Z=0.313 1 SURF(R) = 24.4 +/- 0.25 2353 GAL- DEC = -23D 53' 19.3" +/- 2 V = 22 +/- 0.25 CLUS-213723- 1.0" 2 SURF(V) = 24.9 +/- 0.25 235319 2 B-V = 0.04 +/- 0.25 2 E(B-V) = 0.03 +/- 0.25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5402 [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900S 2.1 1 1 CYCLE 4/1-10 04 1100S SAME ORIENT FOR 2- 10 AS 1 SEQ 1.0-5.0 NO GAP Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG +0.5, 04 1100S +0.5 Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG +1, -1 04 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG -0.5, - 04 1100S 0.5 Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG -1, +1 04 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG +1.5, 04 1100S +1.5 SEQ 6.0-10.0 NO GAP Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5402 [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG +2, -1.5 04 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG -1.5, -2 04 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG -2, +2 04 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 MS0440.5+02 WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 2.1 1 1 POS TARG +2.5, 04 1100S +2.5 Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=23.5 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900S 1.4 1 1 CYCLE 4 / 11-20 2353 1100S SAME ORIENT FOR 12 -20 AS 11 SEQ 11-15 NO GAP Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG +0.5, 2353 1100S +0.5 Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5402 [ 7] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG +1, -1 2353 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG -0.5, - 2353 1100S 0.5 Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG -1, +1 2353 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1900S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG +1.5, 2353 1100S +1.5 SEQ 16.0-20.0 NO GAP Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG +2, -1.5 2353 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG -1.5, -2 2353 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5402 [ 8] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG -2, +2 2353 1100S Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 MS2137.3- WFPC2 IMAGE WF3-FIX F702W 6895 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2300S 1.4 1 1 POS TARG +2.5, 2353 1100S +2.5 Comments: THE CALCULATED S/N IS PER PIXEL PER 1100S AT SURF(R)=24 MAG/ "SQ. OFFSET IN X AND Y TO REMOVE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF BAD PIXELS, ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5402 [ 9] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 15.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category GALAXIES & CLUSTERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category CLUSTERS/LENSES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 4/1-10; SAME ORIENT FOR 2-10 AS 1; SEQ 1.0-5.0 NO GAP POS TARG +0.5, +0.5 POS TARG +1, -1 POS TARG -0.5, -0.5 POS TARG -1, +1 POS TARG +1.5, +1.5; SEQ 6.0-10.0 NO GAP POS TARG +2, -1.5 POS TARG -1.5, -2 POS TARG -2, +2 POS TARG +2.5, +2.5 CYCLE 4 / 11-20; SAME ORIENT FOR 12-20 AS 11; SEQ 11-15 NO GAP SEQ 16.0-20.0 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F702W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names MS0440.5+0204 GAL-CLUS-044033+020447 MS2137.3-2353 GAL-CLUS-213723-235319 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------