Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 5652 Report Date: 18-Jul-95:17:48 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: SINS: THE SUPERNOVA INTENSIVE STUDY TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY - CYCLE 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM GO 3 Long Term yrs 5480 Sub Category Target of Oppt. SN & SNR Large Project ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Robert P. Kirshner HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY USA 617-495-7519 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract We are now underway in our intensive study of supernovae with HST. This long-term project promises to illuminate problems in stellar evolution, the mechanism of stellar explosion, nucleosynthesis, the energetics of interstellar gas, and the extragalactic distance scale. Initial observations, starting in the Spring of 1992, show that HST observations of SN 1987A are rich in content and that these high- minded goals can actually be achieved. Our HST observations of a new supernova, SN1992A, demonstrate that Target-of-Opportunity observations with HST are worth the effort. We were poised to observe SN 1993J in M81 and we obtained a beautiful UV/optical spectrum from an early epoch of this peculiar supernova. Our plan in this program is to initiate a new Target-of-Opportunity supernova for Cycle 4. SN 1992A and SN 1993J demonstrated our ability to orchestrate observations from the ground, with IUE, and from HST to investigate important issues in supernova research. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 40.00 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 4 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOS FOC WF/PC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. Special sched req: Time Critical obs. Real Time obs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 5652 PI: Robert P. Kirshner Proposal Title: SINS: THE SUPERNOVA INTENSIVE STUDY TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY - CYCLE 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ David Branch OKLAHOMA, UNIVERSITY OF USA Claes Fransson STOCKHOLM OBSERVATORY SWEDEN X Robert Wagoner STANFORD UNIVERSITY USA J. Craig Wheeler TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF USA Roger Chevalier VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF USA Pi Robert P. Kirshner HARVARD UNIVERSITY USA Nino Panagia STSCI USA X Alexei Filippenko CALIF. BERKELEY, UNIVERSITY OF USA Mark Phillips CTIO USA Nicholas Suntzeff CTIO USA Bruno Leibundgut SWISS NATIONAL SCIENCE USA X FOUNDATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. this program includes only visit 2 to SN1994-I. Please refer to the text for programs 5480 and 5623 for additional information. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. Since all evidence is that the UV fades rapidly in supernovae, there is a premium on rapid response, but observations that begin within about 10 days of discovery are likely to be of great value. Our plan calls for follow-up in both FOS and WFPC observations 30 days after the first set of data, and again at about 300 days. We are quite flexible on the date of this late observation to avoid observing constraints. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. We have very good access to ground based facilities which are essential to getting the most out of our HST data. We have the ability to get spectra from the 1.5m at Mount Hopkins, and photometry from the 1.2m telescope there. We have regular assignments on the MMT and at the KPNO 2.1m that ensure we can get the observations of the supernovae when they are faint at age 1 year. We haveen listed the CTIO and Berkeley observers to the SINS team. They have been outstandingly effective observers of supernovae. We have established a worldwidee-mail network to contact a wide variety of observers around the world. We have atarget-of-opportunity program on IUE which can help fill the gap while the HST program is being wheeled into action. Panagia is a member of the VLA group which obtains complementary radio data on bright supernovae. Recent statistics show that in 8 years there were 14 supernovae brighter than mag 14 at discovery, so with any reasonable luck there will be a good target for Cycle 4. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. 2417 "CAS A: The remnant of a massive supernova" Robert Kirshner (PI), William Blair, Konx Long, P.F. Winkler, John Raymond 2563 "SINS: The Supernova Intensive Study" Robert Kirshner (PI), David Branch, Claes Fransson, Robert Wagoner, J. Craig Wheeler, Roger Chevalier, Nino Panagia, J. Chirs Blades 3853 "SINS: The Supernova Intensive Study - 87A revisit" 4016 "SINS: The Supernova Intensive Study - cyc 1 opportunity" 4022 "SINS: The Supernova Intensive Study - 87A revisit" 4252 "SINS: Late Time Observations of SN1992A" 4528 "SINS: The Supernova Intensive Study - cyc 2 opportunity" 4445 "SINS: The Supernova Intensive Study - cyc 3" Robert Kirshner (PI), David Branch, Claes Fransson, Robert Wagoner, J. Craig Wheeler, Roger Chevalier, Nino Panagia N. Panagia (CoI): GTO/FOC 1241 "A Study of the Nucleus of NGC 4321". N. Panagia (CoI): GTO/FOC 1259 and 3231 "Observations of Supernovae"; related to the present proposal. A. Sandage (PI), F.D. Macchetto (CoI), N. Panagia (CoI), A. Saha (CoI), G. Tammann (CoI): GO 2547 [Cycle 1] and GO 4444??? [Cycle 3] "Calibration of Supernovae of Type I as Standard Candles". N. Panagia (PI): GO/DD 3232 and 3381 "Observations of X-Ray Nova Muscae 1991". Although we are still receiving our Cycle 1 data, we are beginning to obtain some results. SN 1987A: The earliest observations resulted in the detection of circumstellar ring-- as described in Jakobsen et al below Subsequent use of the ring geometry and fluorescent line time delay enabled a measurement of the distance to the LMC--see Panagia et al below. Work in progress includes identification of new lines in the circumstellar spectrum and measurement of lines in the supernova debris. These will becompared tomodel calculations. This was reported at the Sardinia HST meeting byKirshner. Measurement of changes in the circumstellar shell and image restoration were reported at AAS by Phil Plait. The measurement of the debris diameter is nearly completed. For SN 1992A, we have combined the data from HST, IUE, and CTIO to write a giant paper that compares this supernova with the results of stellar evolution calculations and supernova explosion models. We conclude that SN 1992A cannot be the result of the explosion most frequently used to model supernova spectra,and it is also not the result of the ``late detonation'' model developed tomatch someother well observed SN Ia. Good data are in hand for SN 1993J, but it is too soon to cite results. P. Jakobsen, R. Albrecht, C. Barbieri, J.C. Blades, A. Boksenberg, P. Crane, J.M. Deharveng, M.J. Disney, T.M. Kamperman, I.R. King, F. Macchetto, C.D. Mackay, F. Paresce, G. Weigelt, D. Baxter, P. Greenfield, R. Jedrzejewski, A. Nota, W.B. Sparks, R.P. Kirshner, N. Panagia: ``First Results from the Faint Object Camera: Supernova 1987A", 1991, {\it Astrophys. J. (Letters)}, {\bf 369}, L59. N. Panagia, R. Gilmozzi, F.D. Macchetto, H.-M. Adorf, R.P. Kirshner: ``Properties of the SN~1987A Circumstellar Ring and the Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud", 1991, {\it Astrophys. J. (Letters)}, {\bf 380}, L23. Cheng, F.H., Horne, K., Lund, N., Panagia, N., Shrader, C., Gilmozzi, R., Paresce, F.: ``The HST Observations of X-ray Nova Muscae 1991 and Its Spectral Evolution", 1992, {\it Astrophys. J.}, {\bf 397}, 664. A. Sandage, A. Saha, G.A. Tammann, N. Panagia, F.D. Macchetto:``The Cepheid Distance to IC 4182: Calibration of M$_V$(max) for SNIa 1937C and the value of H$_o$, 1992, {\it Astrophys. J. (Letters)}, {\bf 401}, L7. P. Jakobsen, F. Macchetto, N. Panagia: ``Faint Object Camera Observations of the Shape and Expansion of SN 1987A", 1993, {\it Astrophys. J.}, {\bf 403}, 736. R.P. Kirshner, D.J. Jeffery, B. Leibundgut, P.M. Challis, G. Sonneborn, M.M. Phillips, N.B. Suntzeff, R.C. Smith, P.F. Winkler, C. Winge, M. Hamuy, D.A. Hunter, K.C. Roth, J.C. Blades, D. Branch, R.A. Chevalier, C. Fransson, N. Panagia, R.V. Wagoner, J. Craig Wheeler, R.P. Harkness: ``The First {\sl HST} Spectra of a Type Ia Supernova", 1993, {\it Astrophys. J.}, October 1 issue. N. Panagia, D. Baxter, R. Gilmozzi, F.D. Macchetto, R.P. Kirshner, H.-M. Adorf: ``New HST Observations of SN 1987ACircumstellar Ring", 1993, in preparation. P. Jakobsen, R. Albrecht, C. Barbieri, J.C. Blades, A. Boksenberg, P. Crane, J.M. Deharveng, M.J. Disney, T.M. Kamperman, I.R. King, F. Macchetto, C.D. Mackay, F. Paresce, G. Weigelt, D. Baxter, P. Greenfield, R. Jedrzejewski, A. Nota, W.B. Sparks, R.P. Kirshner, N. Panagia: ``First Results from the Faint Object Camera: Supernova 1987A", 1990, {\it BAAS}, {\bf 22}, 1275. N. Panagia, R. Gilmozzi, F.D. Macchetto, H.-M. Adorf, R.P. Kirshner: ``Properties of the Circumstellar Ring around SN 1987A", 1990, {\it BAAS}, {\bf 22}, 1275. N. Panagia, R. Gilmozzi: ``IUE and HST Observations of Supernovae", 1991, ESO/EIPC Workshop``SN 1987A and other Supernovae", ed. I.J. Danziger and K. Kjaer, {\it ESO WCP} No. 37, p. 575-594. R. Gilmozzi, N. Panagia: ``The Stellar Population of NGC~1850 in the LMC", 1991, Vulcano Workshop``Young Clusters and Early Stellar Evolution", ed. F. Palla, P. Persi and H. Zinnecker, {\it Mem. S.A.It.}, {\bf 62}, 695. F.H. Cheng, N. Panagia, K. Horne, R. Gilmozzi, C. Shrader: `` The HST/FOS Observations of X-ray Nova Muscae 1991", 1992, {\it B.A.A.S.}, {\bf 24}, 686. N. Panagia, A. Sandage, A. Saha, G.A. Tammann, F.D. Macchetto:``The Cepheid Distance to IC 4182 and the Absolute Magnitude of SNIa 1937C" 1992, Proc. Workshop ``Science with the Hubble SpaceTelescope", ed. P. Benvenuti and E. Schreier, p. 216. N. Panagia, R. Gilmozzi, F.D. Macchetto, H.-M. Adorf, D. Baxter, R.P. Kirshner: ``SN 1987A Circumstellar Ring", 1992, Proc. Workshop ``Science with the Hubble Space Telescope", ed. P. Benvenuti and E. Schreier, 222. Cheng, F.H., Horne, K., Panagia, N., Shrader, C., Gilmozzi, R., Paresce, F.: ``The HST Observations of X- ray Nova Muscae 1991", 1992, Proc. Workshop ``Science with the Hubble Space Telescope", ed. P. Benvenuti and E. Schreier, p. 333. D. Jeffery, R.P. Kirshner, P. Challis, J. Pun, A. Filippenko, T. Matheson, D. Branch, R. Chevalier, C. Fransson, N. Panagia, R. Wagoner, J.C. Wheeler, A. Clocchiatti: "An HST Ultraviolet Spectrum of SN 1993J", A.P.J (letters) Submitted. Page 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). Our institutions provide the basic salary support for all the senior investigators on this project. Students typically receive tuition waivers orfellowship support from the institution in addition to their research stipend. Allof our intitutions have made significant cost-sharing contributions to supplycomputers for this work and they routinely operate extensive networks at no cost to us. At CfA, we have access to considerable software help and hardware for preparationof slides and photographs. Our institutions support the ground- basedobservatories we use to augment this HST work, most significantly CTIO, Lick, andthe MMT. We have many external benefits, such as a preprint series, anextensive astronomical library, and some visitors which are provided without cost tothis project. CfA postdoc Brian Schmidt is not supported by HST funds, butcontributes to the project. Similarly, Bruno Leibundgut is supported by the SwissNational Science Foundation, and not by the HST. Harvard handles the subcontractsto eachof the other institutions without any additional overhead charge. Butbest of all, our institutions provide a rich intellectual atmosphere includingexperts on atomic data, radiative transfer, nucleosynthesis, hydrodynamics ,numerical methods, stellar evolution, shock waves, and supernova observations at otherwavelengths. More than any details of return from the overhead pool, webenefit from the depth of our surroundings. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: ROBERT P. KIRSHNER Category: PI Institution: HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY Address: MS-19 60 GARDEN STREET City: CAMBRIDGE State: MA Zip Code: 02138 Country: USA Telephone: (617) 495-7519 Telex (or e-mail): 92-1428 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 5652 [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN1994I A,182 ra=13h 27m 47.82s +/- 0.1s, 1950 dec=+47d 26' 58.2" +/- 0.1" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 5652 [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 503 SN1994I FOS/RD ACQ/ 4.3 MIRROR bright=660000.0 1 27s 10 1 1 ONBOARD ACQ FOR BINARY 504-506 CYCLE 4/503-522.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 504 SN1994I FOS/RD ACCUM 1.0 G190H 1650- 1 2500S 10 1 1 SEQ 504.0-506.0 NO 2311 GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 505 SN1994I FOS/RD ACCUM 1.0 G270H 2223- 1 5000S 10 1 1 3278 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 506 SN1994I FOS/RD ACCUM 1.0 G400H 3240- 1 1820s 10 1 1 4784 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 522.2 SN1994I WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W cr- 2 1000s 30 1 1 SEQ 522.2-522.3 NO tolerance=0.0 GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 522.3 SN1994I WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W 3 400s 30 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 5652 [ 7] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations FOS/RD WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ/BINARY ACCUM IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters bright=660000.0 cr-tolerance=0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 40.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category SN & SNR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ONBOARD ACQ FOR 504-506; CYCLE 4/503-522.3 SEQ 504.0-506.0 NO GAP; SEQ 522.2-522.3 NO GAP; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR G190H G270H G400H F255W F336W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN1994I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------