5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  1]

    PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS   ST ScI Use Only
                                                       ID:      5985
                                                       Version: **********
                                                       Check-in Date: **********

1.Proposal Title:
WFPC2 B-band + Ly-alpha imaging of a cluster of young galaxies at z=2.40
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2. Scientific Category   3. Proposal For  4. Cycle
Galaxies & Clusters,        GO               5
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5. Investigators
                                                                                     Contact?
    PI: Rogier Windhorst                  Arizona State University
   CoI: Simon Driver                      ASU, Dept. of Phys. & Astr., Tempe            N
   CoI: Paul Schmidtke                    ASU, Dept. of Phys. & Astr., Tempe            N
   CoI: Sam Pascarelle                    ASU, Dept. of Phys. & Astr., Tempe            N
   CoI: William Keel                      U. Alabama, Dept. of Phys. & Astr., Box       N
                                          870324, Tuscaloosa, AL\ 35487

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6. Abstract

We request 39 orbits (28 hr) with WFPC2 to obtain   B- (F450W) and narrow-band
redshifted Ly-Alpha imaging of a cluster of galaxies at z=2.40 recently discovered
in deep WFPC2 V & I images. These contain two compact HST galaxies with
spectroscopic z's=2.40, several candidates with excess light at 4120Angstrom in
ground-based Ly-alpha-images, and several compact HST galaxies with blue continua
and the UBVRIgriJHK colors of galaxies with z\cge 2. The WFPC2 F410M-filter has
exactly the right <Lambda> and DeltaLambda to image their Ly- alpha at z=2.40.  The
10hr B-image will nearly match the existing V+I images in depth for blue galaxies,
and be used to:  (a) subtract the restframe UV-continuum to obtain a Ly- alpha-image
at 0"pt 1 resolution;  (b) study restframe UV- morphology and BVI color gradients to
constrain stellar populations and dust at z=2.40;  (c) do (b) for all foreground
galaxies with z  1.  The 18-hr Ly-alpha-image will be combined with deep ground-
based Ly-alpha images to provide good S/N at 0.1---1.0" resolution, so that we can:
(1) locate all Ly- Alpha emitting objects at z=2.40 within 3', determine their Ly -
alpha fluxes and SFR;  (2) study the sub-kpc starburst morphology of young star-
forming galaxies at z=2.40, and locate their star-formation regions;  (3) combined
with CO- detections, determine the gas-to-stellar mass conversion rate and the
efficiency of galaxy formation at z=2.40;
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                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  2]

  Observations Description
  ------------------------

     We need to detect field galaxies with B~eq22.9--25.9, V~eq22.8--25.8 mag (Fig.
     1& 2), which are much bluer than the sky (NEP HST-sky~eq23.3 \magarc in V, 23.9
     in B, 24.2 in Ly- alpha; W92, W94c). This requires a B-image that is ~0.5 mag
     shallower than our 5.7-hr Cycle 4 V-band image (3Sigma limit: V~26.4 mag for a
     \rs~0"pt 4 galaxy), and a Ly-alpha image ~1.0 mag shallower than V (to image
     their core structure). The cosmological SB-dimming is less severe than \propto
     (1+z)^-4 for   semi-unresolved objects, so that the central Ly-alpha emission
     is expected to be relatively easily visible in F410M. 53W002 has
     m^AB_F606W=22.80, m^AB_F450W=23.04, m^AB_F410M= 21.80 mag (W91), the other
     candidates ~20--50\ count rate for 53W002 of 8.51, 2.37 and 0.83 in/sec in V,
     B, & Ly-alpha, respectively. About 20\ (WK94), the remainder is r^1/4-
     distributed over ~80 pixels. The   average S/N per (0"pt 1) pixel is ~13, 6.3,
     and 3.1 for 53W002, using 2400 sec in F606W & F450W, and 2700 sec in F410M
     (lower sky and RN -limited, so we can push longer per orbit after subtracting 9
     min for overhead and 15 min for the first aquisition). Assuming that the
     (majority) non-AGN light of the other galaxies follows an exponential disk with
     \rs~0"pt 4, their S/N will be ~ 2-3* lower. We need to detect galaxies with
     \rs~eq0"pt 4 (G94) at least 2 scale-lengths out into the wings with a minimum
     S/N~eq1   per wing pixel (W94a). From this, we computed total exposure times of
     10-hr (15 orbits) in B and 18-hr (24-orbits) in Ly-alpha. We will achieve
     S/N~eq1 at r~eq1"pt 2 in F450W and 1"pt 0 in F410M (compared to r~eq1"pt 4
     achieved in F606W) for 53W002, and at r~eq8 & 6 (and 10) pixels for objects
     ~1.0 mag fainter. We confirmed these calculations with WFPC2 simulations,
     similar as in 1993, which the actual Cycle 4 images of WK94 showed were
     accurate to within ~10\ We need to subtract the continuum B- from the Ly-alpha-
     image, so that we require somewhat higher signal-to-noise in F450W, to avoid
     corrupting the S/N of the F410M-image. The deep ground-based redshifted Ly-
     alpha images will provide better S/N at lower spatial frequencies. We will
     combine the WFPC2 Ly-alpha image (at 0.07--0.1" resolution) with the ground-
     based image (~1"pt 0 resolution) to provide good S/N at 0.07---1.0" through the
     Lucy-Hook method. The Cycle 5 images will be reduced like our Cycle 4 images,
     as described in Windhorst & Keel (1994), Windhorst, Franklin, & Neuschaefer
     (1994b, W94b), Franklin & Windhorst (1994), Griffiths Etal (1994b), and
     Holtzman Etal (1994), which are similar to the optimized Cycle 1--3 WF/PC
     reduction techniques of Griffiths Etal (1994a), Ratnatunga Etal (1994),
     Windhorst Etal (1992, 1994a, 1994c, 1994d). We need an HST space-craft
     orientation angle similar to our Cycle 4 images to have the Cycle 5 images
     overlap with Cycle 4 as much as possible. The best scheduling times are
     therefore mid May -- mid June. This should not impose an undue constraint to
     the scheduling, as the 17\hh+50degrees field is only 3degrees away from the
     CVZ, and so can be observed almost year-round. If it does cause scheduling
     conflicts in May-June 1995, we will observe the field with a Cycle 5
     orientation angle that differs from Cycle 4 by a multiple of 90(+/- 7)^o, and
     substep the WFPC2 exposures to simulate the ~0"pt 05 PC-pixels of Cycle 4.

  Real Time Justification
  -----------------------


  Calibration Justification
  -------------------------


  Additional Comments
  -------------------

     \n bullet  Ground-based spectroscopy: We have carried out an extensive program
     of ground-based follow-up on our WFPC2 field around 53W002. For this, we used
     the MMT Red Spectrograph with multi-aperture plates for low-resolution
     spectroscopy; the Palomar 200 inch Four-shooter CCD-array and the Steward 90
     inch with a 2048^2 Lesser CCD for deep UBVRI imaging; and the Steward NICMOS
     256*256 arrays for JHK imaging (W91, W94c, M94b). The goal is to measure
     redshifts for faint field galaxies surrounding the radio source 53W002,
     constrain their nature in terms of starburst and/or weak AGN, and to use
     UBVRIgriJHK photometry to constrain the effects of dust in z=2.40 candidates
     and provide photometric redshift- estimates for galaxies with V\cge 23.5 mag.
     With the MMT, we have made five masks with 10--14 slits each for our WFPC2
     field in less than 10 days lead-time. In July 1994, we obtained 45 spectra down
     to V~24 mag (in 2 nights) in this WFPC2 field (D94b), or ~10 objects per square
     arcmin. We take advantage of the  a priori knowledge of accurate coordinates
     for the HST galaxy cores (and/or H-II regions) from WFPC2 astrometry using the
     measured on-orbit astrometric transformation coefficients of H94. Since the
     median scale- length of HST galaxies is 0.3--0.4" (G94a), we can use 0.5--
     0.75" slits in good seeing to optimize the multi-slit spectrograph through-put.
     We thus regard it as a more efficient use of HST time to measure the redshifts
     a posteriori, because the accurate relative WFPC2 positions allow us to
     construct the most accurate masks. Pre-existing ground-based redshift surveys
     have the problem of less accurate   a-priori positions and lower galaxy surface
     density (~1--2 redshifts per square arcmin), and are therefore more expensive
     in HST follow-up. \n bullet  Ground- based narrow-band imaging: We purchased a
     nearly identical filter to F410M from Custom Scientific Inc. (who also made the
     WFPC2 filters) to image a much wider field in redshifted narrow-band Ly-alpha
     (<=ff 4120Angstrom, DeltaLambda~eq 150Angstrom FWHM) with the Steward 90 inch.
     The WFPC2 Ly- alpha image will provide the best resolution and sensitivity at
     0.07--0.2" resolution --- inaccessible to our best ground- based Ly-alpha
     images --- and will be combined with the deep Steward Ly-alpha-image (~1"pt 0
     FWHM) to provide good S/N at all spatial frequencies 0.07---1.0", using the
     Lucy-Hook algorithm. \n bullet  Keck, sub-mm follow-up: Drs. Koo, Illingworth
     (UCSC) and Spinrad (UCB) have offered to spend Keck Low-Res time on our HST
     galaxies in the 53W002 field. They will concentrate on galaxies ~1 mag fainter
     (V  24.9 mag) than we can do with the MMT, and we will prepare a joint
     publication on these fainter objects. We plan on imaging the entire 3' field
     with the OVRO interferometer in redshifted CO (at 102 GHz) to get gas-mass
     estimates for   all z=2.40 cluster candidates, in collaboration with Drs.
     Scoville and deGeus (Caltech), and with the new Steward SMT to get a few very-
     high sensitivity CO beams.
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                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  3]

  Data Distribution

  Media:           8MM
  Blocking Factor: 10
  Ship To:         PI_Address
  Ship Via:        OVERNIGHT
  Email:                                                              ,
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                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  4]

TARGET LIST    a) Fixed Targets
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Tar|   Target   |         Target        |            Target              |Coord   | Radial |             Flux data
No |    Name    |       Description     |           Position             |Eqnx    |  Vel.  |
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1   53W002       GALAXY, RADIO GALAXY,   RA  =  17H 12M 59.860S +/- 0.3", B1950.0  Z =      U   = 23.1  +/- 0.15
                 CLUSTER OF GALAXIES     DEC = +50D 18' 51.30"  +/- 0.3"           2.390    B   = 23.3  +/- 0.15
                                                                                            V   = 22.8  +/- 0.10
                                                                                            R   = 22.45 +/- 0.10
                                                                                            I   = 22.0  +/- 0.10
    Comments: We need 4x6 exp in the B (F450W) filter with 53W002 on
              four positions: A,B,C,D, EACH on the corners of a
              square 0.5478" in size to do n+0.5 pix WFC
              substepping. We need 53W002 in the most sensitiv PC1
              area. We also need 3x4 + 1x3 orbits in the Lya

                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  5]

Visit: 01
     Visit Requirements:  PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-
                          1995
     On Hold Comments:    DO NOT SCHEDULE DARK-TIME, BUT LOW-SKY
     Additional Comments: SAME ORIENT AS THE 28 ORBITS IN CYCLE 4 PA(V3)=348.28, PA(U3)=168.28+/-
                          0.00DEG. CONTACT WINDHORST ASAP IF NOT POSSIBLE, WE CAN THEN WORK OUT A
                          COMPROMISE.


Exposures
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Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|   Optional    |Num|  Time |               Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|  Parameters   |Exp|       |             Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F450W    4526.7  SUM = 1x1 READ  6   2400S   POS TARG +0.00000,+0.00000; DARK TIME ; MAX
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT              DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
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                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  6]

Visit: 02
     Visit Requirements:  PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-
                          1995 SAME ORIENT AS 1
     On Hold Comments:    DO NOT SCHEDULE DARK-TIME, BUT LOW-SKY
     Additional Comments: SAME ORIENT AS THE 28 ORBITS IN CYCLE 4: PA(V3)=348.28, PA(U3)=168.28+/-
                          0.00DEG. CONTACT WINDHORST ASAP IF NOT POSSIBLE, WE CAN THEN WORK OUT A
                          COMPROMISE.


Exposures
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|   Optional    |Num|  Time |               Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|  Parameters   |Exp|       |             Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F450W    4526.7  SUM = 1x1 READ  6   2400S   POS TARG +0.54780,0.0000; DARK TIME ; MAX
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT              DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  7]

Visit: 03
     Visit Requirements:  PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-
                          1995 SAME ORIENT AS 1
     On Hold Comments:    DO NOT SCHEDULE DARK-TIME, BUT LOW-SKY
     Additional Comments: SAME ORIENT AS THE 28 ORBITS IN CYCLE 4: PA(V3)=348.28, PA(U3)=168.28+/-
                          0.00DEG. CONTACT WINDHORST ASAP IF NOT POSSIBLE, WE CAN THEN WORK OUT A
                          COMPROMISE.


Exposures
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|   Optional    |Num|  Time |               Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|  Parameters   |Exp|       |             Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F450W    4526.7  SUM = 1x1 READ  6   2400S   POS TARG 0.00000,+0.54780; DARK TIME ; MAX
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT              DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  8]

Visit: 04
     Visit Requirements:  PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-
                          1995 SAME ORIENT AS 1
     On Hold Comments:    DO NOT SCHEDULE DARK-TIME, BUT LOW-SKY
     Additional Comments: SAME ORIENT AS THE 28 ORBITS IN CYCLE 4: PA(V3)=348.28, PA(U3)=168.28+/-
                          0.00DEG. CONTACT WINDHORST ASAP IF NOT POSSIBLE, WE CAN THEN WORK OUT A
                          COMPROMISE.


Exposures
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|   Optional    |Num|  Time |               Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|  Parameters   |Exp|       |             Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F450W    4526.7  SUM = 1x1 READ  6   2400S   POS TARG +0.54780,+0.54780; DARK TIME ; MAX
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT              DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [  9]

Visit: 05
     Visit Requirements:  PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-
                          1995 SAME ORIENT AS 1
     On Hold Comments:    DO NOT SCHEDULE DARK-TIME, BUT LOW-SKY
     Additional Comments: SAME ORIENT AS THE 28 ORBITS IN CYCLE 4: PA(V3)=348.28, PA(U3)=168.28+/-
                          0.00DEG. CONTACT WINDHORST ASAP IF NOT POSSIBLE, WE CAN THEN WORK OUT A
                          COMPROMISE.


Exposures
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|   Optional    |Num|  Time |               Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|  Parameters   |Exp|       |             Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F410M    4090.4  SUM = 1x1 READ  4   2700S   POS TARG +0.00000,+0.00000; NO SPLIT
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F410M    4090.4  SUM = 1x1 READ  4   2700S   POS TARG +0.54780,0.0000; NO SPLIT
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [ 10]

Visit: 06
     Visit Requirements:  PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-
                          1995 SAME ORIENT AS 1
     On Hold Comments:    DO NOT SCHEDULE DARK-TIME, BUT LOW-SKY
     Additional Comments: SAME ORIENT AS THE 28 ORBITS IN CYCLE 4: PA(V3)=348.28, PA(U3)=168.28+/-
                          0.00DEG. CONTACT WINDHORST ASAP IF NOT POSSIBLE, WE CAN THEN WORK OUT A
                          COMPROMISE.


Exposures
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposure|   Target  |Instr | Oper. | Aper  |Spectral|Central|   Optional    |Num|  Time |               Special
 Number |    Name   |Config| Mode  |or FOV |Element |Waveln.|  Parameters   |Exp|       |             Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F410M    4090.4  SUM = 1x1 READ  4   2700S   POS TARG 0.00000,+0.54780; NO SPLIT
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8        53W002      WFPC2  IMAGE   PC1-FIX F410M    4090.4  SUM = 1x1 READ  3   2700S   POS TARG +0.54780,+0.54780; NO SPLIT
                                                             = YES CR-SPLIT
                                                             = NO CR-
                                                             TOLERANCE = 0.1
                                                             CLOCKS = NO ATD
   Comments:  Both FGS'S to return to at SAME (X,Y)-pos      -GAIN = 7
              after RE-ACQ and FULL ACQ guide stars for SEQ
              1-8. Roll telescope if needed to (RE-)acquire
              at SAME pos, but do NOT do spiral search of
              2nd FGS, if possible.
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                                                5985(  0) - 07/18/95 19:04  - [ 11]

            Summary Form for Proposal  5985

  Item                         Used in this proposal
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  Configurations               WFPC2
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  Opmodes                      IMAGE
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  Optional Parameters          SUM = 1x1 READ = YES CR-SPLIT = NO CR-TOLERANCE = 0.1 CLOCKS = NO ATD-GAIN = 7
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  Proposal Category            GO
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  Scientific Category          Galaxies & Clusters, Distant Galaxies
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  Special Requirements         PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-1995 POS TARG
                               +0.00000,+0.00000; DARK TIME ; MAX DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT PCS MODE Fine ORIENT 168.280D
                               TO 168.280D BETWEEN 15-MAY-1995 AND 20-JUL-1995 SAME ORIENT AS 1 POS TARG +0.54780,0.0000; DARK
                               TIME ; MAX DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT POS TARG 0.00000,+0.54780; DARK TIME ; MAX DUR 40M; MIN
                               DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT POS TARG +0.54780,+0.54780; DARK TIME ; MAX DUR 40M; MIN DUR 2200S; NO SPLIT
                               POS TARG +0.00000,+0.00000; NO SPLIT POS TARG +0.54780,0.0000; NO SPLIT POS TARG 0.00000,+0.54780;
                               NO SPLIT POS TARG +0.54780,+0.54780; NO SPLIT
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  Spectral Elements            F450W F410M
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  Target Names                 53W002
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