6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 6679 Version: 14 Check-in Date: 10-Apr-1996 10:13:12 1.Proposal Title: HST Investigation of a Bright, New Comet ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Cycle SOLAR SYSTEM GO 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Investigators Contact? PI: Harold Weaver Applied Research Corporation CoI: Michael A'Hearn University of Maryland, College Park N CoI: Claude Arpigny Universite de Liege N CoI: Jack Brandt University of Colorado N CoI: Paul Feldman Johns Hopkins University N CoI: Cora Randall University of Colorado N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Abstract We propose a Target of Opportunity program to investigate any bright, dynamically new comet discovered during Cycle 6. For a comet having mbox4<=V<=7, we request 11 orbits to obtain FOS and GHRS spectra covering the wavelength range from 1150 Angstrom\ to 6820 Angstrom, from which an inventory of volatile abundances for all known UV- and optically-emitting species can be compiled. This spectrum will also allow deep searches for previously undetected or weak emissions from CO, \cotwo, \stwo, \methanol, \formaldehyde, SO, \sotwo, PAHs, H II, SH, NO, and other species. In the unlikely event that an exceptionally bright, new comet is discovered (i.e. one having V<=4), we would then request Director's Discretionary time in order to measure the OD/OH ratio, obtain information on the spatial brightness distribution of various species, and investigate in detail the excitation mechanisms for several emissions. Finally, the images taken in this program will provide fundamentally new information on cometary nuclei. This program is part of our continuing program to study both dynamically new and periodic comets with HST. We note that C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) will be the target of our periodic comet program and is covered in a separate proposal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ This is a 7-orbit program that will be executed on the recently discovered comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake). Due to the rapid apparent motion of this object, each orbit will be in a different visit, even when using consecutive orbits. Due to ephemeris uncertainty and the comet's rapid motion near the time of closest approach to Earth, the imaging observations on 3/25 must be executed under GYRO control. However, we do want a GS ACQ at the beginning of this orbit in order to take out the drift error that has accumulated prior to our observations. For the observations during the first week in April, both the ephemeris uncertainty and the comet's motion should be much lower. For these six orbits, we would like to perform as many of the observations as possible under FGS control, and drop to GYROS only when necessary. Note that the REUSE OFFSET capability will be used extensively in this program. Here's an orbit-by- orbit outline of our observing plan. #1: PC imaging during 3/25-27/96 (comet perigee) All of the following orbits should be executed during 4/1-4, with the earlier times being better. #2: PC imaging #3: FOS/BL G270H (IMAGE mode) + FOS/BL G190H #4: FOS/BL G270H (IMAGE mode) + FOS/BL G190H #5: FOS/RD G270H (IMAGE mode) + FOS/RD G270H #6: GHRS G140L (1295-1580 A) #7: GHRS G140L (1295- 1580 A) SEQ 2-7 WITHIN 864M (i.e., within ~9 orbits) Real Time Justification ----------------------- An approximate suitability criterion for the Target of Opportunity observed under this program is that the comet should have: Q_H_2O >= 2 * 10^29 * R^2 Delta where R and Delta are the heliocentric and geocentric distances, in AU, respectively. This criterion corresponds roughly to a comet having a total (integrated over the entire coma) visual magnitude V<=7. Based on IUE experience during the past decade, a comet satisfying the above criterion should appear at least once every two years. Our observations are time- critical in that the comet will be optimally placed for a period of days to weeks. If we are lucky, the comet will be recovered several months prior to the optimal observation time. We expect to be doing supporting IR and optical observations, but no specific plans have yet been made. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Data Distribution Media: 8MM Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: UPS Email: , ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 3] TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: HYAKUTAKE-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: COMET HYAKUTAKE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | TYPE=COMET,Q=0.230112895,E=1.000019546,I | =124.86457,O=188.07081,W=130.19062,T = | 01-May- | 1996:10:10:21.0,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=03- | May-1996 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | V = 10 | V-mag is for 0.7 arcsec diameter B-V = 0.8 | aperture. Elements are from Yeomans V-R = 0.4 | ref solution 6 and must be updated | prior to final scheduling. | Ephemeris Uncertainty: 10000 KM | Acquisition Uncertainty: 20 " | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 | TARGET NAME: HYAKUTAKE-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: COMET HYAKUTAKE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | TYPE=COMET,Q=0.230112895,E=1.000019546,I | =124.86457,O=188.07081,W=130.19062,T = | 01-May- | 1996:10:10:21.0,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=03- | May-1996 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | V = 10 | V-mag is for 0.7 arcsec diameter B-V = 0.8 | aperture. Elements are from Yeomans V-R = 0.4 | ref solution 6 and must be updated | prior to final scheduling. | Ephemeris Uncertainty: 10000 KM | Acquisition Uncertainty: 20 " | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 25-MAR-96 AND 27-MAR-96 GUID TOL 2.0" SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit should be completed in one orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 0.11S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 SEQ 11- 114 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 1.0S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 1.0S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 20S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 20S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 100S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 111 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 100S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 112 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 113 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 114 HYAKUTAKE-1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 2S REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: GUID TOL 2.0" BETWEEN 01-APR-96 AND 04-APR-96 SEQ 2-7 WITHIN 864M SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit should be completed in one orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 0.11S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 SEQ 21-214 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 1.0S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 1.0S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 20S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F675W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 20S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 SAVE OFFSET HY3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 210 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 100S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 211 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 100S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 212 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 213 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 10S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 214 HYAKUTAKE-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT = NO 1 2S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 384m SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit should be completed in one orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31 HYAKUTAKE-2 FOS/BL IMAGE 4.3 G270H Y-SIZE=5,Y- 1 300S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 31-32 SPACE=128,COMB= NON-INT YES,SUB-STEP=4 Comments: Assumes V=10.3 for the comet in a 0.7" diameter FOV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 HYAKUTAKE-2 FOS/BL ACCUM 4.3 G190H 1 24M EXPAND END ORBIT REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 MIN DUR 19M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 480m SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit should be completed in one orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 HYAKUTAKE-2 FOS/BL IMAGE 4.3 G270H Y-SIZE=5,Y- 1 300S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 41-42 SPACE=128,COMB= NON-INT YES,SUB-STEP=4 Comments: Assumes V=10.3 for the comet in a 0.7" diameter FOV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 HYAKUTAKE-2 FOS/BL ACCUM 4.3 G190H 1 24M EXPAND END ORBIT REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 MIN DUR 19M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 8] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 576m SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visit should be completed in one orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 HYAKUTAKE-2 FOS/RD IMAGE 4.3 G270H Y-SIZE=5,Y- 1 300S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 51-52 SPACE=128,COMB= NON-INT YES,SUB-STEP=4 Comments: Assumes V=10.3 for the comet in a 0.7" diameter FOV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 HYAKUTAKE-2 FOS/RD ACCUM 4.3 G270H 1 24M EXPAND END ORBIT REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 MIN DUR 19M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 9] Visit: 06 Visit Requirements: GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 672m SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Low res GHRS observations. Complete in 1 orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 HYAKUTAKE-2 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1438 FP-SPLIT=STD 1 1305.6S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 61-62 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 62 HYAKUTAKE-2 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1438 FP-SPLIT=STD 1 217.6S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 10] Visit: 07 Visit Requirements: GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 768m SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Low res GHRS observations. Complete in 1 orbit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 71 HYAKUTAKE-2 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1438 FP-SPLIT=STD 1 1305.6S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 71-72 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 HYAKUTAKE-2 HRS ACCUM 2.0 G140L 1438 FP-SPLIT=STD 1 217.6S REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6679( 14) - 04/10/96 10:18 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 6679 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 FOS/BL FOS/RD HRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT = NO SUB-STEP=4 COMB=YES Y-SPACE=128 FP-SPLIT=STD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category SOLAR SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 25-MAR-96 AND 27-MAR-96 GUID TOL 2.0" SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 SEQ 11-114 NON-INT REQ EPHEM CORR HY1 POS TARG -5,-5 GUID TOL 2.0" BETWEEN 01-APR-96 AND 04-APR-96 SEQ 2-7 WITHIN 864M SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 SEQ 21-214 NON-INT REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 SAVE OFFSET HY3 GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 384m SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 31-32 NON-INT EXPAND END ORBIT REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 MIN DUR 19M GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 480m SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 41-42 NON-INT GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 576m SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 51-52 NON-INT GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 672m SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 61-62 NON-INT REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 GUID TOL 2.0" after 2 by 288m to 768m SCHED 100% REQ EPHEM CORR HY2 USE OFFSET HY3 SEQ 71-72 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F675W F439W F555W G270H G190H G140L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HYAKUTAKE-1 HYAKUTAKE-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------