6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 6774 Version: 5 Check-in Date: 01-Apr-1997 12:13:20 1.Proposal Title: Temporal Variability of Io's Surface and Plumes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Cycle SOLAR SYSTEM GO 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Investigators Contact? PI: John Spencer LOWELL OBSERVATORY CoI: Paola Sartoretti National Optical Astronomy Observatories N CoI: John Clarke University of Michigan N CoI: John Trauger Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Gilda Ballester University of Michigan N CoI: Melissa McGrath Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Alfred McEwen USGS Flagstaff N CoI: Doug Nash San Juan Institute N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Abstract We will observe Io on six occasions during Cycle 6 to look for changes in the surface albedo patterns and plume activity with good time resolution, following up on our Cycle 5 detections of a large albedo change on Io and (probably) the pyroclastic plume of the Pele volcano. Observations will be closely coordinated with Io observations by the Galileo Jupiter orbiter in order to fill in gaps in the temporal, longitude, wavelength, and solar phase angle coverage of Galileo's images. The ultimate goal is to use the temporal variability of the plumes and surface, and their relationship to other observable phenomena, such as volcanic thermal emission and magnetospheric processes, to better understand the processes that drive Io's volcanos, modify its surface, and extend Io's influence throughout the Jovian magnetosphere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Each of our six orbits will look at one of three longitudes on Io, two of them chosen to have either the Loki (and Amirani/Maui) or Pele plume on the limb, and the third chosen to complete longitudinal coverage of Io's surface. Central longitudes should be as close as possible to 215, 340, and 100 as possible. Observations will be spaced in time to either fill in Galileo coverage of Io, or to obtain simultaneous coverage at different wavelengths or phase angles. On each orbit we will obtain five exposures: three 8.3 - 10-minute exposures in the F255W filter to give a reproducibility check and substantially improved S/N compared to our single 10-minute exposure Cycle 5 images, a single 10- second F410M exposure for comparison with Galileo's 410-nm ``Violet'' filter, and a single 23-second F336W exposure to provide coverage at near-UV wavelengths not covered by Galileo. These will all fit into a single orbit. We have imaged Io in all these filters on previous orbits and know that these exposure times are appropriate. Real Time Justification ----------------------- The observations are time-critical in that it is important to image Io within the specified range of the requested longitudes in order to catch the plumes close to the limb, and observations coordinated with Galileo observations should be obtained within a few weeks of the Galileo images. Observations are tightly coordinated with already-scheduled Galileo images. Frequent ground based and Galileo observations of the infrared emission from the volcanos are planned and will allow correlation of plume activity with infrared emission. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Data Distribution Media: 8MM Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 3] TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: IO-LON215 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: SATELLITE IO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | STD=IO | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | OLG OF IO BETWEEN 205 225, SEP OF | JUPITER IO FROM EARTH GT 5.0" | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | SURF(V) = 5.14 | B-V = 1.2 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 2 | TARGET NAME: IO-LON340 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: SATELLITE IO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | STD=IO | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | OLG OF IO BETWEEN 330 350, SEP OF | JUPITER IO FROM EARTH GT 5.0" | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | SURF(V) = 5.14 | Io should be in full sunlight (not B-V = 1.2 | in Jupiter's shadow umbra or | penumbra) for all IO-LON340 | exposures. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 4] TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 3 | TARGET NAME: IO-LON100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: SATELLITE IO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | STD=IO | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | OLG OF IO BETWEEN 80 120, SEP OF JUPITER | IO FROM EARTH GT 5.0" | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | SURF(V) = 5.14 | B-V = 1.2 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 4 | TARGET NAME: IO-LON340-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: SATELLITE Io ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | STD=IO | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | OLG OF IO BETWEEN 325 350, SEP OF | JUPITER IO FROM EARTH GT 5.0", RANGE | JUPITER EARTH LT 4.9, SEP OF IO EUROPA | FROM EARTH GT 1.0", SEP OF IO GANYMEDE | FROM EARTH GT 1.0", SEP OF IO CALLISTO | FROM EARTH GT 1.0" | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | SURF(V) = 5.14 | Io should be in full sunlight (not B-V = 1.2 | in Jupiter's shadow umbra or | penumbra) for all IO-LON340-2 | exposures. It must also not be | eclipsed, umbrally or penumbrally, | by another Galilean satellite. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 5] TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 5 | TARGET NAME: IO-LON160 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: SATELLITE Io ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | STD=IO | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | OLG OF IO BETWEEN 155.0 183.0, RANGE | JUPITER EARTH LT 4.9, PHASE OF JUPITER | FROM EARTH BETWEEN 1.0 20, SEP OF IO | EUROPA FROM EARTH GT 1.0", SEP OF IO | GANYMEDE FROM EARTH GT 1.0", SEP OF IO | CALLISTO FROM EARTH GT 1.0" | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | SURF(V) = 5.14 | Io must not be eclipsed, umbrally or B-V = 1.2 | penumbrally, by another Galilean | satellite. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 6] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 01-Jul-1996 AND 15-Aug-1996 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 IO-LON215 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 600 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 IO-LON215 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 IO-LON215 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 23 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 IO-LON215 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 10 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 01-Jul-1996 AND 15-Aug-1996 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 IO-LON340 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 600 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 IO-LON340 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 IO-LON340 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 23 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 IO-LON340 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 10 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 01-Jul-1996 AND 15-Aug-1996 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 IO-LON100 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 600 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 IO-LON100 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 IO-LON100 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 23 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 IO-LON100 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 10 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 9] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 10 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 23 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 400 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 400 S SEQ 6-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 8 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 14 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 8 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 14 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 IO-LON160 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 400 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 10] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 IO-LON340-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 IO-LON340-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 300 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 IO-LON340-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F336W ATD-GAIN=15 1 23 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 IO-LON340-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F410M ATD-GAIN=15 1 10 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 IO-LON340-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F502N ATD-GAIN=15 1 16 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 IO-LON340-2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F255W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6774( 5) - 05/02/97 09:15 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 6774 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ATD-GAIN=7 ATD-GAIN=15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category SOLAR SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 01-Jul-1996 AND 15-Aug-1996 SEQ 6-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F255W F336W F410M F502N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names IO-LON215 IO-LON340 IO-LON100 IO-LON160 IO-LON340-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------