7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 7445 Version: 6 Check-in Date: 27-May-1997 16:22:50 1.Proposal Title: Study of Jovian Dynamics by Combining Global and Temporal HST Observations with Galileo Data ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Cycle SOLAR SYSTEM GO 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Investigators Contact? PI: RETA BEEBE NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY CoI: Amy Simon New Mexico State University N CoI: Nancy Chanover New Mexico State University N CoI: Kevin Baines Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Peter Gierasch Cornell University N CoI: Keith Noll Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Andrew Ingersoll California Institute of Technology N CoI: Michael Belton National Optical Astronomical N Observatories CoI: David Kuehn Pittsburg State University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Abstract During preliminary analysis of Galileo Orbit 1 Great Red Spot data, the value of Hubble Space Telescope in supporting the Galileo mission has been proven. Due to Galileo's limited data rate and the small imaging field of view, HST has become vital in understanding the global perspective of this data. In the last three orbits of the nominal Galileo mission (June-Dec. 1997), over 50 Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data at 0.7-5.2 Mum will be taken. With Jupiter near opposition, WFPC2 images will have 16 times the areal resolution of the NIMS data and will contribute fill factor information for interpreting the NIMS chemical anomaly (vertical convection) maps to better understand deep circulation and vertical structure. Filters and observing sequences have been chosen to optimize global Jupiter coverage and photometry, while minimizing the effects of vignetting in the WFPC2 methane filters and the limited spectral range of NICMOS. This data will be directly combine d with HST Cycles 1-6 and groundba sed data to better understand the temporal variability of the troposphere and lower stratosphere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ During Galileo's Orbit 10 (late Sept. - early Oct. 1997), the equatorial diameter of Jupiter will be 46 arcsec. The fact that the field of view of the WFPC2 PC chip is 36 arcsec and the 893-nm methane filter suffers vignetting has led us to propose a sequence where we utilize five filters (893/953 and 619/673 methane/continuum pairs and the 410-nm filter) and dither from limb to terminator to optimize spatial resolution and retain as much photometric integrity as possible. We propose 7 contiguous orbits; 3 in the above dithering mode, one centered to optimize spatial coverage and obtain F255W images, and 3 more in the dithering mode. This series will provide complete longitudinal coverage followed by one orbit of images 10 hours after the first to derive zonal winds in both continuum and 893-nm images to search for altitude differences. If necessary, due to time constraints from guide star acquisition or orbit length, the second F410M image may be cut. In the non-dithered (4th orbit), we would add the F255W filter, approx. 9 min, and remove the dither and F410M filter. In addition, we propose to include NICMOS/Camera 2 observations in the 2-micron region to search for stratospheric features associated with the deep tropospheric activity which will be mapped by NIMS. When the spatial resolution of NIC2 (0.075 arcsec/pix) is mapped onto the equatorial region of the disk of Jupiter, the resulting pixelation is 233 km/pix, which is a factor of 2-3 better than the NIMS convection maps. In our effort to detect signatures of convection in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere of Jupiter, we have selected three wavelengths which sound to different levels in the atmosphere. In the 2-Mum region there is a strong methane (CH_4) absorption b and and a pressure induced molecul ar hydrogen (H_2) absorption feature. Images of Jupiter at wavelengths where CH_4 or H_2 absorbs allow us to probe higher in the atmosphere where photons are absorbed before they reach deeper levels. Conversely, imaging at a continuum wavelength allows us to probe down to the ammonia cloud deck, which lies in the troposphere. We have therefore selected three filters for our NICMOS/Camera 2 observations: a continuum filter (F190N), an H_2 filter (F212N), and a CH_4 filter (F222M). The corresponding pressure levels these filters will sound are approximately 300, 70, and 5 mbars, respectively. Since the NIC2 field-of-view is 19.2'', smaller than the diameter of Jupiter, we have devised an observing sequence to optimize both the geometric and photometric accuracy of atmospheric features we detect. A contiguous series of four HST orbits would allow us to target the equatorial region +/- 25degrees, where we expect to see most of the convective activity, and image the planet in the TWO-CHOP mode. If we remain centered on the limb of Jupiter, then the left-right chopped images will afford us coverage of the central meridian region of the planet, the limb region where the viewing geometry of cloud features changes rapidly, and background observations necessary for the data reduction. While observing in the equatorial region, we plan to target the Galileo probe entry site. Ground-based infrared images indicated that this is a region of local downdraft; high-resolution NICMOS observations can confirm this hypothesis. Two orbits spaced by ten hours from the first set will allow us to reimage the same territory on Jupiter and search for cloud tracers with which to measure the zonal winds at higher altitudes than the visible-wavelength data allow. The wavelength coverage of NIC1, the highest-resolution of the three NICMOS arrays, does not extend beyond 1.90 Mum. Therefore, these proposed observations are the highest resolution 2-Mum imaging data possible today. Correlation with visible wavelength WFPC2 data as well as Galileo NIMS data will provide us with the most comprehensive data set available for the interpretation of the convective activity in the Jovian troposphere and stratosphere. These calculated times include readout in ACCUM/FAST mode, filter changes, and TWO-CHOP slews of 23'' (so each exposure listed above is really the combination of four exposures taken in each filter). When one adds in the guide star (re-)acquisition, this sequence fills an HST orbit. These observations are meant to be coordinated for near simultaneous observations with Galileo. Table 3 summarizes our long term Cycle 7 observing plan: Table 3 - Galileo Tour and Cycle 7 Observations Orbit & Date ('97) Targets HST Notes 10 & Sep.-Oct. NIMS maps 7 Orbit WFPC2 Global Map, 4 Orbit NICMOS Real Time Justification ----------------------- We will require single chip readout of the PC chip to optimize pipeline processing and readout time. The WFPC2 and NICMOS data obtained will be used in support of the Galileo mission, in conjunction with IRTF data. K. Baines will be directly involved with the NICMOS/NIMS comparison and the groundbased IRTF program, and A. Ingersoll, P. Gierasch and R. Beebe will be involved with WFPC2/SSI comparison. Since prior Galileo support has already been established, this dataset can be easily integrated to give a better overall interpretation of the high resolution Galileo data. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- The second NICMOS visit has been altered to have a N/S dither - this will provide information about auroral activity and is a better match to Galileo observations at that time. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 3] Data Distribution Media: 8MM Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 4] TARGET LIST b)Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: JUPITER-NICMOS-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | SURF(19000)=3.82e-13 | SURF(21200)=2.66e-15 | SURF(23700)=7.69e-16 | SURF(V) = 5.4 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 15-Sep-1997 AND 20-Sep-1997 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F190N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SEQ 1-3 NON-INT POS TARG MOS-1 CUM OFFSET=SAM,CHOP-SIZE=23.0, 16.26,-16.26 PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F212N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F237M PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160, SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F190N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SEQ 4-6 NON-INT SAME POS MOS-1 CUM OFFSET=SAM,CHOP-SIZE=23.0, AS 1 PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F212N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F237M PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160, SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F190N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SEQ 7-9 NON-INT SAME POS MOS-1 CUM OFFSET=SAM,CHOP-SIZE=23.0, AS 1 PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F212N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F237M PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160, SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 6] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F190N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SEQ 10-12 NON-INT SAME MOS-1 CUM OFFSET=SAM,CHOP-SIZE=23.0, POS AS 1 PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F212N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F237M PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=160, SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: AFTER 01 BY 19.2 H TO 21.2 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F190N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SEQ 1-3 NON-INT POS TARG MOS-1 CUM OFFSET=SAM,CHOP-SIZE=23.0, 16.26,16.26 PATTERN-ORIENT=250,SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F212N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=250,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F237M PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=250, SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F190N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SEQ 4-6 NON-INT SAME POS MOS-1 CUM OFFSET=SAM,CHOP-SIZE=23.0, AS 1 PATTERN-ORIENT=250,SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F212N PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=250,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 ,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 JUPITER-NIC NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2 F237M PATTERN=TWO-CHOP,NUM-POS=4, 2 DEF SAME POS AS 1 MOS-1 CUM CHOP-SIZE=23.0,OFFSET=SAM, PATTERN-ORIENT=250, SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7445( 6) - 05/27/97 16:24 - [ 8] Summary Form for Proposal 7445 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations NIC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters PATTERN=TWO-CHOP NUM-POS=4 OFFSET=SAM CHOP-SIZE=23.0 PATTERN-ORIENT=160 SAMP-SEQ=STEP1 NSAMP=12 SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 NSAMP=13 SAMP-SEQ=STEP16 PATTERN-ORIENT=250 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category SOLAR SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 15-Sep-1997 AND 20-Sep-1997 SEQ 1-3 NON-INT POS TARG 16.26,-16.26 SAME POS AS 1 SEQ 4-6 NON-INT SAME POS AS 1 SEQ 7-9 NON-INT SAME POS AS 1 SEQ 10-12 NON-INT SAME POS AS 1 AFTER 01 BY 19.2 H TO 21.2 H SEQ 1-3 NON-INT POS TARG 16.26,16.26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F190N F212N F237M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names JUPITER-NICMOS-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------