8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8100 Version: 24 Check-in Date: 29-Jan-2000 16:56:47 1.Proposal Title: Calibration of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae as Standard Candles: The Next Step ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Abhijit Saha National Optical Astronomy Observatories, AURA, Inc. CoI: Dr. Allan Sandage Observatories of the Carnegie Institution N of Washington, Pasadena CoI: Prof. Gustav Tammann University of Basel N CoI: Dr. Lukas Labhardt University of Basel N CoI: Dr. Duccio Macchetto Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Prof. Nino Panagia Space Telescope Science Institute N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract We propose to continue our calibration experiment for M( max) of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by determining Cepheid distances to their parent galaxies. To date we have completed (citeic4182a -- citengc4639) the calibration for 6 SNe Ia, from Cycles 1, and 3 -- 5. Our results from Cycle 6 on a seventh SN Ia, SN 1989B in NGC 3627, are ready to be submitted citengc3627. Cepheid-calibrated luminosities of two additional SNe Ia have become available from external data. HST observations of NGC 4527 (SN 1991T) and a few test exposures of NGC 1316 (SNe, 1980N and 1981D) are planned for Cycle 7. Although there are now a total of 9 SNe Ia with Cepheid-calibrated absolute magnitudes M( max) in B and V, resulting values of H_0 in the literature range from 55 citeschaefer98 to 69 citeMKF98. The discrepancy depends on the exclusion of some of the calibrators for various reasons, the inclusion of questionable objects, and/or differences in second-parameter corrections. The only way out of this dilemma is to obtain a statistically robust sample of SNe Ia with reliable Cepheid distances. --- We request 2 * 34 orbits during Cycle 8 for the discovery and two- passband photometry of the Cepheids in the two target galaxies NGC 3982 (SN 1998aq) and NGC 1316 (SNe, 1980N and 1981D), based on 2 orbits each for 12 epochs in F555W and 2 orbits each for 5 epochs in F814W. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Observations will be carried out with the WFPC2. The observing technique has been thoroughly proven in previous Cycles. Properly time spaced observations spanning a period of about 2 months in the V band (F555W) will be required. A special timing scheme is to be specified, which provides maximum detection completeness and phase coverage for Cepheids with periods from 15 to 70 days, and minimizes aliassing problems with period determination. In particular we request 12 epochs in the V band spaced by varying amounts within an approximately 70 day observing window, to provide optimal phase coverage over the widest possible relevant range of periods. In addition, five I band (F814W) exposures are to be taken at selected epochs to allow computation of , in order to determine the reddening in the target galaxy. Each epoch in F555W (or F814W) is a pair of back to back exposures, utilizing the orbit duration to the fullest, which results in effective exposure times of 4000 s or a little more. The limiting magnitude is thus 28 in V (F555W), and Cepheids with mean magnitudes V < 27.5 can be detected. These numbers are empirical determinations from Cycle 4 -- 6 data. , This makes a total of 12 visits to each of the proposed target galaxies. This is an extremely minimalist approach: reducing the number of epochs from this level or altering the timing scheme significantly will introduce aliassing, and incur the risk of obtaining incorrect periods. Thus there are 12 epochs in V, each 2 orbits long, plus 5 epochs in I that are also each 2 orbits long, making a total of 34 orbits per galaxy. Real Time Justification ----------------------- 1) Timing - Observations need to be conducted at the planned time intervals to ensure adequate coverage of the Cepheids' light curves. , 2) Orientation - it is highly desirable (all but absolutely essential) to keep the field orientation the same over most of the observing period. The natural telescope roll angle for a given target changes with observation epoch. Hence the time of year for observations should be chosen to provide the maximum range for off- nominal roll angles so that the field orientation is kept the same over the maximum permissible span of dates. Such accommodation has been possible in previous cycles. UPDATE: This Phase 2 submission has been crafted so that the above is possible under the scheduling constraints Changing the requested dates and/or the timing links will severely impair the execution of this program. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 3] Data Distribution Paper Products: YES Media: 8MM Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC3982 GALAXY, SPIRAL RA=11H 56M 28.4S +/- 2.0", J2000 V = 27.0+/-0.1 DEC=55D 7' 20" +/- 2.0" 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 20-Mar-2000 AND 25-Mar-2000 SCHED 100% ORIENT 155D TO 160D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Visits 1 to 12 are a linked set of synoptic observations of the same target. Visits 2 to 12 are with common ORIENT and POS. The span of observations needs to be at least 50 days. The chosen dates are because these offer the longest duration (44 days) where SAME-ORIENT is possible for thsi target (he first VISIT is at a different ORIENT, since the baseline of 50 days is essential). This constraint also fixes the U3 angle, AND the possible dates of execution. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% BETWEEN 1-Apr-2000 AND 3-Apr-2000 ORIENT 148D TO 148D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 5.6 D TO 7.6 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 10.5 D TO 12.5 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 14.1 D TO 16.1 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 16.8 D TO 18.8 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 11] Visit: 07 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 18.8 D TO 20.8 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 12] Visit: 08 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 21.1 D TO 23.1 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 13] Visit: 09 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 24.2 D TO 26.2 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 14] Visit: 10 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 28.4 D TO 30.4 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 15] Visit: 11 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 33.2 D TO 35.2 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 16] Visit: 12 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 39.0 D TO 44.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE IX END ORBIT EXPAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F555W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3982 WFPC2 IMAGE WFALL-F F814W ATD-GAIN=7,CR-SPLIT=NO 1 2500 S END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS IX AS 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8100( 24) - 01/29/00 16:57 - [ 17] Summary Form for Proposal 8100 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures WFALL-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ATD-GAIN=7 CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 20-Mar-2000 AND 25-Mar-2000 SCHED 100% ORIENT 155D TO 160D GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE END ORBIT EXPAND END ORBIT EXPAND SAME POS AS 10 SCHED 100% BETWEEN 1-Apr-2000 AND 3-Apr-2000 ORIENT 148D TO 148D SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 5.6 D TO 7.6 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 10.5 D TO 12.5 D SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 14.1 D TO 16.1 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 16.8 D TO 18.8 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 18.8 D TO 20.8 D SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 21.1 D TO 23.1 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 24.2 D TO 26.2 D SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 28.4 D TO 30.4 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 SCHED 100% AFTER 02 BY 33.2 D TO 35.2 D SAME ORIENT AS 02 SCHED 100% SAME ORIENT AS 02 AFTER 02 BY 39.0 D TO 44.0 D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F555W F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC3982 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------