8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8104 Version: 3 Check-in Date: 16-Feb-1999 16:36:38 1.Proposal Title: Constraints on the Evolution of Powerful Radio Galaxies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Christopher ODea Space Telescope Science Institute CoI: Dr. Stefi Baum Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Dave Axon University of Manchester N CoI: Dr. Peter Barthel University of Groningen N CoI: Dr. Allesandro Capetti Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino N CoI: Mr. Willem De Vries University of Groningen N CoI: Dr. Roberto Fanti Istituto di Radioastronomia del CNR N CoI: Dr. Richard Gelderman University of Western Kentucky N CoI: Dr. Anton Koekemoer Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Raffaella Morganti Istituto di Radioastronomia del CNR N CoI: Dr. Clive Tadhunter University of Sheffield N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract Recent work has identified the GHz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) and Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio sources as the most likely candidates for the progenitors of the large scale powerful classical double (3CR FR2) sources. WFPC2 LRF images have revealed the presence of bright emission line gas aligned with and in projection co-spatial with the radio source. Ground based observations of broad and highly structured OIIILambda 5007 lines strongly suggest that the radio source is dominating the emission line kinematics. We propose to observe 3 CSS sources with STIS long-slit spectroscopy in order to determine the kinematics and physical properties of the emission line gas interacting with the radio source. We will use diagnostic line ratios to estimate the temperature and density of the gas. From the velocity field, we will derive constraints on the expansion velocity of the radio source and on the radio source lifetime, both of which are fundamental parameters needed to constrain th e evolution of powerful radio sour ces. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ These three CSS sources were selected for this project based on our WFPC2 LRF imaging and VLA and MERLIN/VLBI studies because of their bright extended emission lines aligned with powerful linear radio sources. These sources are the best examples of the alignment effect in CSS sources and are the optimum targets for our observations which will probe the interaction of the jets with the emission line gas. The three objects (2 galaxies and 1 quasar) should also provide a reliable first look at the range of conditions in the nebula and the dynamics of the radio sources. Line Ratios A complementary goal to the kinematic properties of the gas involves investigating its physical properties and excitation and ionization mechanisms. This is particularly important in addressing the relationships between the radio jets and the ambient gas, specifically to determining whether jet/gas interactions directly lead to shock ionization of the gas, or whether the gas is simply compressed by th e radio jets, and photo-ionized by the active nucleus (e.g., Ferland & Osterbrock 1986; Veilleux & Osterbrock 1987). We will constrain both the electron density as well as the electron temperature of the gas, using the ratios SII 6717/6731 and OIII 5007/4363 respectively. The SII ratio is highly sensitive to densities of order several hundred to several thousand cm^-3, which makes it an ideal diagnostic for investigating the possibility that these sources are confined by a dense surrounding medium. The constraints on the electron temperature of the gas, provided by the OIII ratio, will yield information both about the physical state of the gas, as well as yielding some information as to which ionization mechanism is likely to dominate in the gas. We will also probe the ionization properties of the gas, by observing different ionic species covering as wide a range in ionization potential as possible. The auto-ionizing shock model of Dopita & Sutherland (1995) predicts emission both from the cooling post-shock material, as well as from precurs or gas that is photo-ionized by soft X-ray / UV radiation from the shock. Specifically, we will be able to utilize ratios of different ions of the same element, including OI 6300, OII 3727, OIII 5007, as well as NeV 3426, NeIV 2426, and NeIII 3869, which allow good constraints to be placed upon the ionization state of the gas that are independent of any metallicity effects. Other useful lines to compare with include the Balmer series, together with SII 6717+6731, NII 6548+6583, and HeII 4686, thereby providing a rich set of diagnostics of the physical conditions in the emitting gas. Times For each object we intend to obtain detailed kinematic information in the OIII 5007 line, using the G750M grating (0.56Angstrom/pixel). This mode has an instantaneous spectral coverage of 570Angstrom, therefore we will be able to include HBeta in the same spectral coverage for each object in our sample. (Thus, the requirement of getting good S/N per pixel for the OIII 5007 kinematics will also allow us to obtain good integ rated S/N on HBeta which is typically of order 5 - 15 times fainter than OIII 5007). Below we tabulate the expected integrated number of photon counts under the line profile, for a single 0.05"-pixel-spectrum extracted along a slit of width 0.1", given an exposure time of 1 orbit (assumed 3000 s), and making the conservative assumption that the line fluxes presented in GW94 are distributed uniformly over the extent of the EELR. (Note: for 3C67 and 3C303.1, which have no measured SII, we tabulate instead the counts that would be expected for a fiducial ratio of SII6717+6731/HBeta ~ 1). The number of orbits given in the Table is that required to obtain ~ 100 counts over HBeta for a given grating and slit position; we require of order 100 counts in order to obtain useful kinematic information and/or accurate line ratios for diagnostic purposes and we scale our orbit request accordingly. We first tabulate the expected counts in the HBeta and OIII 5007 profiles for the high-dispe rsion spectra (which will be distr ibuted over ~ 10- 20 pixels). This is followed by the ratio of counts in the SII lines for gas of different densities, again showing that we can expect to differentiate between gas of low density (<=sssim 100 cm^-3), moderate density (~ 500 cm^-3), and high density (>~ 2500 cm^-3). NB -- The counts given in the Table are for a single spatial pixel along the slit. If the emission is clumpy and/or we bin in the spatial direction we will gain in S/N by a factor of a few. Thus, we should be able to achieve the needed S/N. FLUXES, EXPECTED COUNTS, AND REQUIRED ORBITS ====================================================== 3C67 3C277.1 3C303.1 z 0.310 0.321 0.267 F(HBeta) 5.1 19 3.9 F(OIII5007) 22 31 28 F(SII6717+6731) 5.1 5.9 3.9 Kinematics: orbits: G750M 2 2 3 Counts HBeta 149 564 104 Counts OIII 685 975 808 Line Ratios: orbits: G750L 1 1 1 orbits: G430L 1 1 2 Counts HBeta 90 343 63 Counts OIII 412 584 491 Counts SII 6717/6731 ne=100 36/28 43/32 27/20 ne=500 31/33 36/39 23/24 ne =2500 22/42 26/49 16/31 Note: all fluxes are in units of 10^-15 erg s^-1 cm^ -2. In 3C303.1 two orbits are needed in each of the low resolution gratings in order to achieve sufficient S/N. In the other sources, one orbit per grating per slit position is sufficient. The observations of each source will begin with a 6 min guide-star acquisition followed by a 6 min target acquisition and a second 6 min acq/peak for the 52* 0.1 slit. For the objects with bright nuclei, 3C277.1 and 3C67, we will peak up on the object itself. For 3C303.1 we will peak up on a nearby bright star and then slew to our target galaxy. We will use our existing WFPC2 observations to determine accurate offsets. Real Time Justification ----------------------- None. The team contains experts in the field of GPS and CSS sources and additional experts in the radio, optical and IR properties of the large scale radio sources. Many of the team members have considerable experience with HST imaging, e.g., O'Dea is a WFPC2 instrument scientist, Baum is head of the STIS team, and Axon was a NICMOS instrument scientist. The HST observations are part of a comprehensive observational and theoretical program on the CSS sources. Under program 7855 we are obtaining NICMOS J and K observations of 20 sources including matched samples of GPS, CSS and large scale classical double radio galaxies in order to determine accurate colors of the stellar populations and AGN. We are obtaining ground-based optical observations at La Palma and KPNO in order to study the clustering environments, colors of the host galaxy and their behavior on the Hubble diagram. We have already obtained ground-based J, H, K observations to study the colors of the galaxies and s earch for highly reddened nuclei. We are studying a subsample of these sources with ISO and have obtained mid to far IR photometry in order to study their spectral energy distribution and bolometric luminosity. We are also pursuing WSRT observations of HI absorption and IRAM observations of CO emission in order to take a census of the gas content of the host galaxies. We have obtained ROSAT and ASCA observations of two objects in order to measure the absorbing columns towards the active nucleus. We are investigating more detailed models for the propagation of CSS sources through their ambient medium and consequences for luminosity evolution. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Real_Time_Justification Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 3] Data Distribution Paper Products: YES Media: ELECTRONIC Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C67 GALAXY, RADIO GALAXY RA=2H 24M 12.31S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 18.0+/-0.1 DEC=27D 50' 11.2" +/- 0.1", 0.3102 PLATE-ID=01H7 2 3C277.1 GALAXY, QUASAR RA=12H 52M 26.26S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 17.9+/-0.1 DEC=56D 34' 21.4" +/- 0.1", 0.321 PLATE-ID=01R1 3 3C303.1 GALAXY, RADIO GALAXY RA=14H 43M 14.57S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 19.0+/-0.1 DEC=77D 7' 27.8" +/- 0.1", PLATE 0.267 -ID=00A7 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 56D TO 63D ORIENT 236D TO 243D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C67 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE,CHECKBOX=7, 1 20 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 11, CD P DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID 15, 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C67 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2160 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750L 7751 2 DEF CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3C67 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2660 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 3C67 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6581 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2660 S CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 135D TO 163D ORIENT 315D TO 343D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C67 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE,CHECKBOX=7, 1 20 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10 CD P DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C67 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6581 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2100 S POS TARG -0.074,-0.255 CD MAX DUR 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 162D TO 185D ORIENT 342D TO 5D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C277.1 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE,CHECKBOX=7, 1 20 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 11, CD P DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID 15, 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C277.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2340 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750L 7751 2 DEF CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3C277.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2800 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 3C277.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6581 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2800 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 85D TO 96D ORIENT 265D TO 276D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C277.1 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE,CHECKBOX=7, 1 20 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10 CD P DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C277.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6581 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2280 S POS TARG -0.554, 0.317 CD MAX DUR 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 8D TO 17D ORIENT 188D TO 197D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C303.1 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE,CHECKBOX=7, 1 20 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 12, CD P DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID 15, 16, 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C303.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2400 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 3C303.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2900 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3C303.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2900 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750L 7751 2 DEF CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 3C303.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6252 CR-SPLIT=2 1 3000 S MAX DUR 100% CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 93D TO 112D ORIENT 273D TO 292D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C303.1 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE,CHECKBOX=7, 1 20 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 20 CD P DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C303.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6252 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2340 S POS TARG 0.228,-0.230 MAX CD DUR 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 3C303.1 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.1 G750M 6252 CR-SPLIT=2 1 3000 S POS TARG -0.168, 0.324 CD MAX DUR 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8104( 3) - 08/01/00 10:49 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 8104 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures F28X50LP 52X0.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=DIFFUSE CHECKBOX=7 DIFFUSE-CENTER=FLUX-CENTROID CR-SPLIT=2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 56D TO 63D ORIENT 236D TO 243D ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 11, 15, 20 MAX DUR 100% ORIENT 135D TO 163D ORIENT 315D TO 343D ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10 POS TARG -0.074,-0.255 MAX DUR 100% ORIENT 162D TO 185D ORIENT 342D TO 5D ORIENT 85D TO 96D ORIENT 265D TO 276D POS TARG -0.554, 0.317 MAX DUR 100% ORIENT 8D TO 17D ORIENT 188D TO 197D ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 12, 15, 16, 20 ORIENT 93D TO 112D ORIENT 273D TO 292D ONBOARD ACQ FOR 10, 20 POS TARG 0.228,-0.230 MAX DUR 100% POS TARG -0.168, 0.324 MAX DUR 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR G750L G430L G750M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 3C67 CCDFLAT 3C277.1 3C303.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wavelengths 7751 4300 6581 6252 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------